从OECD国家的碳排放聚类分析探讨“双碳”背景下中国澳门的低碳发展路径

Exploring the Low-carbon Development Path of Macao under the Background of the"Dual Carbon"Policy through Cluster Analysis of Carbon Emissions from OECD Countries

积极应对气候变化、推进绿色低碳发展已成为国际社会普遍共识,中国政府明确指出落实“双碳”工作,国际上OECD国家的成熟发展经验可提供重要参考。本文对OECD国家的人均碳排放进行研究,包括人均收入、使用可再生能源比例、城镇化程度等方面与人均碳排放的关系程度,对比得到中国内地和港澳地区的“双碳”成效在国际中所处位置。结果发现人均收入跟人均碳排放存在强关系,OECD国家按收入和碳排放情况可分为三类。借鉴现已成功推进碳中和地区国际经验,认为中国澳门地区可从短中长三个视角出台政策应对碳中和,短期内应用新公共管理理念推动“双碳”政策透明化,中期引入累进式电费实施碳征费,长期上建立多方参与的碳排放交易体制。

Actively addressing climate change and promoting green and low-carbon development has become a common consensus in the international community.The Chinese government has clearly pointed out the implementation of the"dual carbon"work,and the mature development experience of international countries such as OECD can provide important reference.This article conducts a study on the per capita carbon emissions of OECD countries,examining the relationship between per capita income,proportion of renewable energy use,degree of urbanization,and per capita carbon emissions,and comparing the"dual carbon"effects of mainland of China and Hong Kong and Macao regions in the international arena.The results showed a strong relationship between per capita income and per capita carbon emissions,and OECD countries can be divided into three categories based on income and carbon emissions.Basedon the international experience of successfully promoting carbon neutrality in the region,it is believed that the Macao region of China can introduce policies to address carbon neutrality from three perspectives:short,medium,and long.In the short term,new public management concepts can be applied to promote transparency in the"dual carbon"policy,and in the medium term,progressive electricity bills can be introduced to implement carbon tariffs.In the long term,a multi-party carbon emission trading system can be established.