2022年度美国供应链安全政策分析、影响与应对

[STHZ]Analysis on 2022 Annual U.S.Supply Chain Security Policies,Impact and Response

[研究目的]通过研究2022年度美国供应链安全政策,深入分析其演变逻辑以及发展趋势,为我供应链安全情报工作提供优化建议。[研究方法]采取政策研究、历史研究以及案例研究等研究方法,系统回顾拜登政府密集出台的供应链安全政策,透析其围绕关键产业、能源供给以及关键要素实施的一系列供应链安全措施的核心意图,一方面其在国内综合运用“压制性”管制政策以及“自强性”产业政策保证关键以及新兴产业的供应链韧性,另一方面其在国际上建立“小多边”联盟和双边伙伴关系寻求美国利益优先的多样化供给布局。[研究结论]延续特朗普政府对华战略竞争的外交策略,拜登政府供应链安全战略有鲜明的对华脱钩色彩,阻碍我关键核心技术的国际合作,蚕食我制造业国际市场份额,我国应建立供应链安全情报系统,在充分了解和评估全球供应链情报的基础上,提升自身供应链韧性,积极妥善应对。

[Research purpose]By studying the 2022 U.S.supply chain security policy and analyzing its evolutionary logic and development trends,this paper aims to provide optimization suggestions for China supply chain security intelligence work.[Research method]Adopting research methods such as policy research,historical research,and case studies,this study systematically reviews the supply chain security policies intensively implemented by the Biden administration,and analyzes the core intention of a series of supply chain security measures implemented around key industries,energy supply,and key factors.On the one hand,it comprehensively applies"oppressive"regulatory policies and"self strengthening"industrial policies domestically to ensure the supply chain resilience of key and emerging industries.On the other hand,it establishes"small multilateral"alliances and bilateral partnerships internationally to seek a diversified supply chain pattern that prioritizes the interests of the United States.[Research conclusion]Continuing Trump's diplomatic strategy of strategic competition with China,the Biden administration's supply chain security strategy has a distinct color of decoupling from China,hindering international exchange and cooperation of key core technologies,and eroding the international market share of China's manufacturing industry.China should establish a supply chain security intelligence system,enhance its own supply chain resilience,and actively respond appropriately based on a full understanding and evaluation of global supply chain intelligence.