从历史还原寻找现代文学学科创新的突破口

Finding the Breakthrough of Modern Literature Discipline Innovation from Historical Restoration

中国现代文学学科已有七十余年的历史,成果丰硕,但也由于历史原因及学科本身的惯性,存在着这样那样的问题。如何解决问题、激起学科发展的活力,“历史还原”不失为一种可以选择的突破口。现代文学在民国背景下发生发展,与民国之政治、经济、教育等社会文化诸方面均有密切关联,且留下了民国投影,因而对民国史背景与内涵的历史还原有益于深刻认识文学经典与准确把握文学史脉络。现代文学犹如一个生态系统,在复杂的生态环境中有与之相应的多样化的生态群落,因而有必要做文学多样化生态群落的历史还原:在白话文学坐稳中军帐的同时,文言诗文并未退出文坛,在墓志铭等文体中甚至独擅其美;在新文学势如破竹般突进之时,通俗文学也在与时俱进,且有大量受众;1930年代左翼文学十分活跃,同时民主主义文学、自由主义文学也成绩卓著,民族主义文学随着民族危机的加重也迅速崛起,参与了1930年代的文学建构,卢沟桥事变后更是成为时代的主潮。现代文学确实对传统构成尖锐的挑战,但并非全面而决绝地反传统,五四时期传统文学观的复杂性与现代歌曲对歌诗传统的承传,也需要做文学传统的历史还原。

The discipline of modern Chinese literature has a history of more than seventy years,with fruitful achievements.However,due to historical reasons and the inertia of the discipline itself,various problems persist.Historical Restoration is a breakthrough that can be chosen to solve the problem.Modern literature developed under the background of the Republic of China,and was closely related to its politics,economy,education and other social-cultural aspects,so the historical restoration of the historical background and connotation is helpful for the deep understanding of the literary classics and accurately grasping the vein of literary history.Modern literature is like an ecosystem,and there are diversified ecological communities in the complex ecological environment,so it is necessary to restore the history of the diversified ecological communities of literature:While vernacular literature dominates,vernacular poetry has not withdrawn from the literary world,and it even excels at epitaphs and other styles of writing;when new literature is advancing,popular literature is also advancing with the times,and there is a large number of recipients.In the 1930s,left-wing literature was very active,while democrat and liberal literature also made remarkable achievements.Nationalist literature also rose rapidly with the aggravation of the national crisis,and participated in the literary construction of the 1930s,and after the Lugou Bridge Incident,it even became the main trend of the era.Modern literature indeed poses a sharp challenge to tradition,but it is not a total and decisive opposition to tradition.The complexity of the traditional view of literature in the May Fourth period and the inheritance of the poetic tradition by modern songs also call for a historical restoration of literary tradition.