非婚生育走向何处——比较视野下的婚育模式变迁

The Future of Nonmarital Fertility:Changes in Marriage and Childbearing Patterns from a Comparative Perspective

在低生育率和人口负增长的背景下,消除阻碍生育的制度性因素是大势所趋。非婚生育在当前中国呈现怎样的特征,未来是否会在制度上成为中国生育的主流,国内针对上述问题的研究尚付阙如。从世界范围内观察可以发现,非婚生育行为整体上处于增长态势,但在不同国家大致呈现为两种类型。传统婚育制度的瓦解、个人主义的发展和现实的婚育困难是婚育模式变迁的三个重要条件。中国的非婚生育比例虽有所增长,但依然处于较低水平,家庭仍是个体福祉的重要来源。非婚生育比例的增加,同时也反映了青年人群的婚育观念变化和现实婚育困难,非婚生育成为传统婚育模式外的一种过渡性选择。西方国家的前车之鉴值得反思,中国应在人口发展新形势下进一步巩固传统的婚姻家庭制度,通过赋能家庭,增强家庭对个体的吸引力和保护力。

In the context of low fertility rate and negative population growth,it is the general trend to eliminate institutional factors that hinder childbearing.What are the characteristics of nonmarital fertility in current China? Will it become the mainstream of China's fertility system in the future? Domestic research on the above issues is still lacking.Worldwide observations have found that nonmarital childbearing behavior is on the rise overall,but there are roughly two types in different countries.The disintegration of traditional marriage and childbearing system,the development of individualism and the practical difficulties of marriage and childbearing are three important conditions for the change of marriage and childbearing pattern.China's nonmarital fertility have increased,but so far remained at a relatively low level.Families remain an important source of individual wellbeing,and the infuence of individualism remains limited.The increase in the proportion of nonmarital fertility also refects the changes in the concept of marriage and childbearing of Chinese young people and the practical difficulties of marriage and childbearing they encountered,making nonmarital fertility their transitional choice outside the traditional marriage and childbearing pattern.