没有家庭的生育?——单身女性生育权的法理反思

Childbearing without a Family? Reflection on the Reproductive Rights of Single Women

近年来,支持单身女性生育权的声音得到越来越多的支持。这种观点指出,支持单身女性生育权不仅有助于女性权利的保护,而且有助于将生育从婚姻和家庭中独立出来,缓解低生育率和人口老龄化的趋势。单身女性生育权的提倡者试图从人权的角度理解生育,却忽视了生育权背后带有更为深刻的社会经济背景。单身女性生育权有着多重面孔,既有经典意义上的独身女性的生育权,也有较少被关注到的作为已婚男性伴侣的单身女性的生育权。一旦单身女性生育权成为社会共识,不仅会对子女权利造成侵害,也可能使得生育从一种普遍人权异化为部分女性的特权,从而将女性推向更大的内卷之中,伤害女性权利并且最终影响国家生育率,无助于缓解当前的人口压力。个人权利与家庭稳定同为重要的法律价值,家庭作为社会稳定的“压舱石”应该成为讨论婚姻与家庭议题时的基本共识,超越家庭的单身女性生育权应当慎行。

In recent years,there has been growing support for the reproductive rights of single women.This perspective suggests that supporting the reproductive rights of single women not only contributes to the protection of women's rights but also helps separate childbirth from marriage and family,thus alleviating the trends of low fertility rates and population aging.Advocates for the reproductive rights of single women attempt to understand childbirth from a human rights perspective but overlook the deeper socio-economic background behind reproductive rights.The reproductive rights of single women manifest in various ways,encompassing the classic notion of reproductive rights for unmarried women and the less-explored rights of single women acting as partners to married men.If the reproductive rights of single women become a societal consensus,it may not only infringe upon the rights of their children but could also transform childbirth from a universal human right into a privilege for some women.This shift may propel women into greater internal struggles,harming women's rights,and ultimately impacting the national fertility rate,providing little assistance in alleviating the current population pressure.