公路桥隧结构区域分布传感监测技术及病变和灾变早期识别(下)

Early Monitoring of Disease and Disaster Evolution for Highway Bridges and Tunnels(PartⅡ)

实时有效地对公路桥隧进行早期精准监测,捕捉结构病变和灾变信息,追踪结构早期损伤并分析损伤演化过程,进而把握维护管理、制订对策的最佳时机,才能达到制订高效、科学的桥隧结构长寿命维护管理策略的目的。为此,研究分析桥隧结构病变和灾变监测技术面临的挑战,介绍适合于桥隧结构病变和灾变早期监测的区域分布传感理念、技术和理论方法。区域分布传感理念是通过结构关键区域的具有一定标距的宏应变分布感知及损伤覆盖,获得与变形转角、应力荷载以及动力特性等有直接映射关系的宏微观结合信息,达到结构损伤精准探测以及结构局部、整体各项参数全面识别的目的。依据相应理念,首先详细介绍具体的结构参数识别方法,并基于宏应变模态的损伤早期识别方法进行分析,进而依据早期精准监测的技术需求,针对拉索断丝、支座老化、水下结构冲刷、边坡滑坡、隧道收敛变形、不均匀沉降、围岩变形等典型病变和灾变,结合实际工程案例介绍具体的桥隧病变和灾变早期监测技术方案。

In order to develop efficient and scientific maintenance and management strategies for bridge and tunnel structures,it is necessary to accurately monitor the early stages of structural disease and disaster,track the early stages of mi-nor damage,analyze the process of damage evolution,and grasp the best time for maintenance and management through real-time and effective monitoring.To achieve this goal,this paper analyzes the challenges faced by monitoring technologies for bridge and tunnel structure disease and disaster,and discusses the technical requirements for achieving early and accurate mo-nitoring.Based on the technology requirements for structural disease and disaster,an area-wise distributed monitoring,which is suitable for early monitoring of bridge and tunnel structures,is introduced.The concept of area-wise distributed moni-toring is similar to the health diagnosis of critical parts of the human body.It directly reflects and correlates macroscopic and microscopic information such as structural strain and deflection through macrostrain distribution,and achieves comprehensive identification of local and overall structure.Secondly,we introduce in detail specific methods for iden-tifying structural parameters through macrostrain distribution,and early damage identification methods based on macrostrain mo-dal analysis.Furthermore,according to typical diseases and disasters such as cable breakage,support aging,scouring of under-water structures,slope of landslide,tunnel convergence deformation,uneven settlement,and rock deformation,specific ear-ly monitoring technology solutions for bridge and tunnel disease and disaster are introduced through practical engineering cases.