人地匹配视角下我国住宅用地供给的空间效率分析——兼论用地指标跨区域交易的作用

Spatial Efficiency of Residential Land Supply from the Perspective of Population-Land Matching——Implication for the Influence of Land Quota Transaction

长期以来,我国住宅用地供给向中西部地区和中小城市倾斜,由此形成人口流出区域土地宽松与人口流入区域土地紧缺并存的局面。借助新兴经济地理模型,本文通过结构式估计方法量化分析了与人口流向相悖的住宅用地供给所产生的影响。结果表明,我国住宅用地供给的空间分布效率较低,这显著抬升了大城市房价,阻碍人口聚集,并最终降低了我国实际GDP和居民总体福利。分析表明,给定各城市获得的用地指标,如果允许住宅用地供给不足的大城市从供给宽松的中小城市购买部分用地指标,我国经济的空间分布效率将大幅改善。

For a long time,residential land is oversupplied in middle and west region,as well as the small and medium cities,which leads to the coexistence of redundant land supply in population-outflowing regions and shortage supply in population-inflowing regions.Relying on the new economic geography model,this paper studies the impact of current residential land supply which mismatches with population.The result shows that the spatial inefficiency of residential land supply,which raises the housing price in large cities,impedes agglomeration and reduces national real GDP and welfare.Moreover,given the land supply in each city,this paper finds that allowing transaction of land quota between large cities and small,medium cities can improve the spatial efficiency of China's economy.