幸福何以可能的符号表征:元阳县箐口村哈尼族家屋图像分析

Symbolic Representation of Happiness:A Cultural Interpretation of Images in Hani Houses at Qingkou Village,Honghe County

哈尼族蘑菇房是世界文化遗产红河哈尼梯田景观的重要组成部分。作为一个社会空间,蘑菇房具有丰富的文化意义。社会生活变迁导致的家屋变化不仅体现在建筑材质、结构布局、空间大小等方面,而且还体现在表达社会关系以及呈现文化意义的各种符号方面。哈尼族传统家屋内的中柱和神龛显示出人们关于幸福本原的传统性理解。随着生活的不断改善,图像文化符号开始进入哈尼族新的家屋。中柱和神龛以及新近涌现的家庭成员图像和国家领导人图像等符号的并置,表征的是幸福泉源在于慎终追远,承继懿德,家庭成员共同努力,国家帮扶振兴乡村。

The mushroom-like houses of the Hani constitute an important part of the Hani Terraced Field Landscape of Honghe,a world cultural heritage site.As a basic social unit and living space of the Hani community,the houses boast a rich cultural implication.Changes in the dwelling houses often reflect the changes of society,which find expression not only in the building materials used,in the structure and layout and the sizes of the houses,but also in the changes of social relations and cultural symbols.A traditional Hani house often has a central post and a family shrine,which speak of the Hani’s idea about what brings them happiness.With the improvement of the Hani’s living conditions,Hani houses are more and more decorated with images and other cultural symbols.The newly-appeared juxtaposition of images of family members with those of state leaders in the family shrine shows the notion of the Hani about happiness as stemming from blessings of ancestors,from concerted efforts of the family members,as well as from the government that has supported them in their endeavor to achieve rural revitalization.