论抗战时期知识界的“中华民族”观念及其差异

On the Concept of“Chinese Nation”and Its Differences in Intellectual Circles During the Anti⁃Japanese War

九一八事变后的抗日战争时期,知识界从他们各自的政治立场、文化背景、民族理论出发,提出了他们的中华民族观念,概而言之,有“统称”涵义上的“中华民族”观念,有“国民”涵义上的“中华民族”观念,有“国族”涵义上的“中华民族”观念,有“整个”涵义上的“中华民族”观念,有“一个”涵义上的“中华民族”观念,等等,并围绕“一个”涵义上的“中华民族”观念展开过争论。尽管由于政治立场、文化背景、民族理论的不同,人们对“中华民族”及其观念的认识和理解也有差异,但这一时期的知识界都强调历史上各民族的相互依存,强调各民族的混合同化,强调中华民族已成为生死相依、命运与共的共同体,其目的是要挫败日本帝国主义企图利用我国是一个统一的多民族国家而想乘机挑拨民族关系,分裂中华民族,进而实现其侵吞中国的狼子野心。九一八事变后的抗日战争时期知识界的各种中华民族观念的提出,对于中华民族观念在抗战时期的最终确立并得到各族人民的普遍认同是有积极意义的。

During the War of Resistance Against Japan after the September 18th Incident,intellectuals put forward their concept of the Chinese nation based on their respective political standpoints,cultural backgrounds,and national theories.In a nutshell,there are various concepts of the“Chinese nation,”including the concept of“Chinese nation”in the meaning of“collective designation,”the concept of“Chinese nation”in the meaning of“national,”the concept of“Chinese nation”in the meaning of“nationality”and in the meaning of“whole,”the concept of“Chinese nation”in the meaning of“one,”the concept of“Chinese nation”in the sense of“one,”etc.And there were also debates around the concept of“Chinese nation”in the meaning of“one.”Although people have different understandings of the“Chinese nation”and its concepts due to different political positions,cultural backgrounds,and ethnic theories,the intellectual circles of this period all emphasized the interdependence of various ethnic groups in history,the mixed assimilation of various ethnic groups,and the fact that the Chinese nation had become a community with a shared future.The purpose is to thwart Japanese imperialism’s attempt to take the advantage of China as a unified multi⁃ethnic country to provoke ethnic relations,split the Chinese nation,and then realize its wolfish ambition of encroaching on China.The proposal of various concepts of the Chinese nation in intellectual circles during the Anti⁃Japanese War after the September 18th Incident had positive significance for the final establishment of the concept of the Chinese nation during the Anti⁃Japanese War and the general recognition of the people of all ethnic groups.