中华时序文明视域中的歌德诗学——论歌德组诗《中德春秋与昼夜之时序》

The Goethean Poetics in the Perspective of Seasonal and Phenological Culture:A Study of Goethe's Poem Chinese-German Book of Hours and Seasons

《中德春秋与昼夜之时序》是德意志诗人歌德对中华文明长期追踪和自主研究的最终诗学成果;中华文明的时序之常道在德意志视域中得以彰显;组诗在存在论意义上将生命的终极涵义安放在时序-节气的文明之中,由此扬弃欧洲近代以来神本主义和人本主义之间纠缠不清的二元主义。歌德属于欧洲极少数的文化精英,能从独神论、诸神论经泛神论和自然神论,最终抵达中华文明之“常道”,然而,这一奇迹般的诗路历程在以往的接受与研究中没有引起足够的重视。《中德春秋与昼夜之时序》以其形态精美的图像语言润物无声地展现对自然的直观与研究,使歌德的思与诗达到了前所未有的顶峰,成为德语文学中思与诗完美融合的经典范文,也是中德思想与文学交流史上的卓越文本。

Chinese-German Book of Hours and Seasons(Chinesisch-Deutsche Jahres-und Tageszeiten)is the final poetic production of the German poet Goethe's long-time tracing and autonomous study of Chinese culture;hence the conventional phenology of Chinese culture is revealed in the German perspective;the collection of poems places the ultimate meaning of life in the phenological solar term culture in an ontological sense,thus abandoning the dualism between theocentricism and humanism that has been entangled in Europe since modern times.Goethe is one of the very few cultural elites in Europe who can go beyond monotheism,pantheism and deism,and finally reach the"common way"of Chinese culture.However,this miraculous poetic journey has not attracted enough attention in the previous reception and studies.With its exquisite pictorial language,Chinese-German Book of Hours and Seasons silently shows the intuition and study of nature which marks Goethe's thinking and poetry in an unprecedented peak.The collection of poems therefore becomes a classic model of the perfect union of thought and poetry in German literature.It is also an eminent text in the history of Sino-German thought and literary communication.