非空间性“大+N”结构的语义组合机制研究

The Semantic Combinatorial Mechanism of Non-spatial "Da(大)+N"Structure

本文讨论非空间性“大+N”结构中“大”与名词在组构过程中的语义问题。在“大”与名词的组合中分别抽绎出名词的语义类型和“大”的语义特征,前者细分为时间、天气、地位、特征和亲属等类型,后者表现为程度、规模、突显、强调、重要和排行等特征。“大+N”结构中的名词具有程度性、特征性和规模性特点,表现出强弱不同的描述性语义特征。从语义组合过程看,“大+N”结构的意义生成涉及纯粹类型选择、强迫利用和强迫引入三种语义机制。此外,文章还从程度量级的角度解释了“大”和“小”在修饰名词时表现出的使用不对称现象。

This paper discusses the semantic combination of adjective"da"(大)and nouns in the non-spatial"da(大)+N"structure.The semantic types of nouns include time,weather,status,feature and relative,while"da"is characterized by degree,scale,prominence,emphasis,importance and ranking.Nouns have semantic features of degree,property and scale,showing dfferent semantic strength.The semantic combinatorial process involves pure type selection,coercion by exploitation and coercion by introduction.Besides,the asymmetry of"da(大)+N"and"xiao(小)+N"is analyzed from the perspective of degree semantics.