带服务半径决策的农村快递系统选址—路径优化

A Location-routing Problem in Rural Delivery Systems with Service Radius Decisions

为了提高农村快递“最后一公里”配送效率和效益,本文研究了带送货上门/自提服务半径决策的农村快递系统选址—路径优化问题,以确定最优的自提点位置和配送路径,建立了以最小化系统总成本为目标的非线性混合整数规划模型,设计了一种变邻域搜索算法。算例分析结果表明,乡镇快递中转站有必要优化其送货上门/自提服务半径,并据此为偏远的顾客优化设置自提点;快递公司应兼顾和平衡快递服务成本与顾客满意度,以实现系统最优;快递公司应根据不同地区农村顾客点分布的特点,因地制宜地进行送货上门/顾客自提的服务半径决策,并优化选址—路径方案。

To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the last-mile delivery in rural areas,a location-routing problem considering the decisions on home-delivery/customer-pickup service radiuses is studied to determine the optimal self-pickup locations and delivery routes.A nonlinear mixed-integer programming model is developed to minimize the total system cost,and a variable neighborhood search algorithm is designed to solve the model.The results of numerical studies show that it is necessary for express transfer stations in towns to optimize their home-delivery/customer-pickup service radius and set up self-pickup points for remote customers accordingly.Express companies should balance express service costs and customer satisfaction to achieve the optimal rural express system.Express companies should determine the home-delivery/customer-pickup service radius according to the distribution of customer nodes in different rural areas and optimize the location-routing scheme.