基于道路可靠性的应急救灾选址-路径随机优化问题研究

Research on Location-Routing Stochastic Optimization Problem of Emergency Disaster Relief Based on Road Reliability

灾后应急物资的分配与调度是救援工作开展的关键任务.为保障灾后物资配送活动的顺利进行,对应急配送中心的选址-路径问题展开研究,构建一个物资储备库-应急配送中心-需求点的多级配送网络.在考虑灾区道路可靠性状况的条件下,综合考虑供给物资有限、物资分配的公平性、需求的不确定性等因素,以应急物资总配送时间最小化、系统总成本最小化以及车辆行驶路线的总连通可靠性最大化三者为目标函数,采用随机机会约束规划方法,建立了一个震后应急物资配送的多目标选址-路径问题优化模型.考虑到问题的复杂性,文章利用基于蒙特卡洛仿真模拟的非支配排序遗传算法对所提出的问题进行求解.通过测试算例,证实了文章所提出的模型和算法能有效求解灾后应急配送中心多目标选址-路径优化问题,为决策者选择适合的方案提供一定参考.

The distribution and dispatch of emergency materials after disasters is the key task of rescue work.In order to ensure the smooth progress of post-disaster material distribution activities,this paper studies the location-routing problem of emergency distribution center,and constructs a multi-level logistics distribution network of material reserve warehouse-emergency distribution center-demand point.Under the condition of considering the reliability of roads in disaster areas,considering the factors such as limited supplies,fairness of supplies distribution,uncertainty of demand,etc.,taking the minimization of total distribution time of emergency materials,the minimization of total system cost,and the maximization of total connectivity reliability of vehicle routes as the objective function,a multi-objective location-routing problem optimization model of emergency supplies distribution after the earthquake was established by using the stochastic chance constrained programming method.Considering the complexity of the problem,this paper uses the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms based on Monte Carlo simulation to solve the proposed problem.Through a test example,it is proved that the model and algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively solve the multi-objective location-routing optimization problem of post-disaster emergency distribution center,and provide some reference for decision-makers to choose suitable schemes.