产业结构扭曲对减污降碳的影响:基于环保重点城市的实证分析

Effects of Industrial Structure Distortion on Co-Control of Air Pollutants and CO_(2):Empirical Study Based on Key Environmental Protection Cities

产业结构扭曲导致资源配置效率低下,严重阻碍我国实现深层次“减污降碳”.基于2003−2017年我国112个环保重点城市(拉萨市除外)三次产业增加值份额和就业份额等年度数据,构建产业结构扭曲指数测度产业结构扭曲情况,进而运用空间杜宾双向固定效应模型探究了产业结构扭曲对“减污降碳”的空间效应.结果表明:①案例城市整体的产业结构扭曲水平从2003年的0.145降至2017年的0.109,存在正向空间溢出效应;城市大气污染物与温室气体协同排放强度亦具有显著的空间溢出效应,本地协同减排能够显著提升附近城市的减排效果.②产业结构扭曲会通过空间溢出效应提升周边城市的协同排放强度,分三次产业来看,第二产业的结构扭曲会显著增加城市大气污染物与温室气体协同排放强度.③就其他影响因素而言,环境规制、外商直接投资和环境基础设施建设能力水平均能够显著促进当地和周边城市的协同减排.④机制分析结果表明,产业结构扭曲能够通过抑制能源强度的下降,间接降低“减污降碳”效果.因此,应进一步提高劳动力配置效率,建立区域协同排放的“联防联控”长效机制,着力于降低尤其是第二产业的结构扭曲,加大环境规制强度和城市贸易开放度,提升环境基础设施建设能力水平和能源效率.

The industrial structure distortion not only leads to low efficiency of resource allocation,but also seriously hinders the implementation of China′s deep co-control of air pollutants and CO_(2).Against such backdrops,based on the annual employment ratio and output data of three industries in 112 key environmental protection cities(except Lhasa)from 2003 to 2017,this paper builds and measures the distortion of industrial structure,further constructs a spatial Durbin two-way fixed effect model,and empirically examines the spatial effect of industrial structure distortion on co-control of air pollutants and CO_(2).The results are as follows:(1)The industrial structure distortion index of key environmental protection cities decreases from 0.145 in 2003 to 0.109 in 2017,with positive spatial spillover effect.In addition,the synergistic emission reduction of urban air pollutants and CO_(2)show a significant spatial spillover effect,while local synergistic emission reduction significantly promotes the emission reduction effect of adjacent cities.(2)The industrial structure distortion can aggravate the synergistic emission of air pollutants and CO_(2)in adjacent cities through the spatial spillover effect.In terms of subsectors,the structural distortion of the secondary industry would seriously hinder the co-control of air pollutants and CO_(2).(3)In terms of other influencing factors,environmental regulation,foreign direct investment,and environmental infrastructure construction can,to a large extent,promote the coordinated emission reduction of local and adjacent cities.(4)The mechanism research results show that industrial structure distortion can also indirectly inhibit the co-control of air pollutants and CO_(2)by hindering the decline of energy intensity.Therefore,it is recommended to improve the efficiency of resource allocation,promote the establishment of a long-term mechanism of regional joint prevention and co-control of air pollutants and CO_(2),and reduce the structural distortion of the secondary industry.It is also advisable to increase the intensity of environmental regulation and the openness of urban trade,facilitate environmental infrastructure construction,and improve energy efficiency.