冬种绿肥和有机无机肥配施对农村宅基地复垦土壤养分、酶活性及水稻产量的影响

Effects of combined application of winter green manure and organic-chemical fertilizer on nutrients,enzyme activities in reclaimed soil of rural homestead and rice yield

为了探明冬种绿肥和有机无机肥配施对农村宅基地复垦土壤养分、酶活性及水稻产量的影响,通过5组不同处理的大田试验开展研究,5个处理分别为:冬种小麦+水稻施用100%化肥(对照1,CK1);冬种绿肥+水稻施用100%化肥(对照2,CK2);冬种绿肥+水稻施用40%鸡粪肥+60%化肥(T1);冬种绿肥+水稻施用40%蚯蚓粪肥+60%化肥(T2);冬种绿肥+水稻施用40%菜籽饼肥+60%化肥(T3)。结果表明:(1)与CK1相比,冬种绿肥+40%有机肥+60%化肥处理均提高了水稻产量,增产幅度为15.9%~37.4%(2019年)、17.2%~29.6%(2020年);T2和T3处理的增产效果优于T1处理。(2)与CK1相比,冬种绿肥+40%有机肥+60%化肥处理均提高了土壤总碳、全氮、碱解氮、铵态氮+硝态氮(NH_(4)^(+)+NO_(3)^(-))、有效磷、速效钾的含量,提高幅度分别为4.4%~13.2%、18.9%~24.5%、23.2%~37.6%、38.8%~83.2%、25.7%~59.8%、1.5%~9.8%;T3处理更有利于提高土壤总碳、全氮、碱解氮和NH_(4)^(+)+NO_(3)^(-)含量,T2处理更有利于提高土壤有效磷和速效钾含量。(3)与CK1相比,冬种绿肥+40%有机肥+60%化肥处理提高了土壤蔗糖酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性,同时维持或提高了脲酶活性。T3处理更有利于提高土壤蔗糖酶活性,T2处理更有利于提高土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性。(4)水稻产量与土壤总碳、全氮、碱解氮、NH_(4)^(+)+NO_(3)^(-)、有效磷含量及土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性显著正相关(P<0.05),且与土壤全氮、碱解氮含量及土壤蔗糖酶、土壤过氧化氢酶活性的相关性更好。以上结果表明,在农村宅基地复垦土壤上,通过冬种绿肥结合水稻上施用40%有机肥+60%化肥能迅速培肥土壤从而达到提高水稻产量的效果,且施用蚯蚓粪肥和菜籽饼肥的效果优于鸡粪肥。

In order to explore the effects of combined application of winter green manure and organic-chemical fertilizer on nutrients,enzyme activities in reclaimed soil of rural homestead and rice yield,five treatments were designed,namely:winter wheat+100%chemical fertilizer in rice season(control 1,CK1),winter green manure+100%chemical fertilizer in rice season(control 2,CK2),winter green manure+40%chicken manure combined with 60%chemical fertilizer in rice season(T1);winter green manure+40%earthworm manure combined with 60%chemical fertilizer in rice season(T2);winter green manure+40%rapeseed fertilizer combined with 60%chemical fertilizer in rice season(T3).The results showed that:(1)Compared with CK1,all winter green manure+40%organic fertilizer combined with 60%chemical fertilizer treatments improved rice yield by 15.9%~37.4%for 2019 and 17.2%~29.6%for 2020.The yield increasement of T2 and T3 treatments was higher than that of T1.(2)Compared with CK1,all winter green manure+40%organic fertilizer combined with 60%chemical fertilizer chemical fertilizer treatments improved the contents of soil total carbon,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen+nitrate nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)+NO_(3)^(-)),available phosphorus and available potassium by 4.4%~13.2%,18.9%~24.5%,23.2%~37.6%,38.8%~83.2%,25.7%~59.8%,1.5%~9.8%,respectively.T3 was more conducive to improving soil total carbon,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,NH_(4)^(+)+NO_(3)^(-)contents.T2 was more conducive to improving soil available phosphorus and available potassium contents.(3)Compared with CK1,winter green manure+40%organic fertilizer combined with 60%chemical fertilizer improved or significantly improved soil invertase,catalase,alkaline phosphatase activities as well as maintained or increased soil urease activity.T3 was more conducive to improving soil invertase activity.T2 was more conducive to improving soil urease and alkaline phosphatese activities.(4)Rice yield was significantly positively correlated with the contents of soil total carbon,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,NH_(4)^(+)+NO_(3)^(-),available phosphorus,activities of soil invertase,catalase,alkaline phosphatese(P<0.05),especially with the contents of total nitrogen,available nitrogen,activities of invertase,catalase.Therefore,in reclamation soil of rural homestead,winter green manure+40%organic fertilizer combined with 60%chemical fertilizer could rapidly improve soil fertility so as to improve the rice yield.Among the three organic fertilizers,the effects of earthworm manure and rapeseed cake fertilizer on soil nutrients and enzyme activities were better than those of chicken manure.