微生物菌肥对玫瑰防病促生作用及土壤微环境的影响

Effects of microbial fertilizer on disease control and growth of rose and its effect on soil microenvironment

为筛选生态绿色肥料,研究微生物菌肥施用效果并优化施用方法,试验以微生物菌肥及常规化肥按照不同组合配施,研究了玫瑰的生长性状、病害情况、花量产量、土壤理化性质以及土壤微生物数量状况。结果表明:施用复合肥+微生物菌肥(NPK+B)对玫瑰株高、分枝数有显著影响,较对照分别增加33.3%、31.8%,微生物菌肥+有机肥(B+M)可促进分枝,但对茎粗无显著影响。施用复合肥+微生物菌肥+有机肥(NPK+B+M)与B+M处理土壤物理粘粒含量在34%~41%之间,土壤质地得到了一定程度改善,各处理中增加B、M及B+M可以调节pH降到适宜的弱酸性范围,较好地改善土壤酸碱性质。各施肥处理均对玫瑰花量及产量产生增益作用,而增加微生物菌肥可有效降低黑斑病的发生,病情指数由对照的13.23降低至7.17,并提高了玫瑰对有机肥和复合肥的利用率,提高株高、茎粗与发新枝数量,从而起到增产的作用,其中NPK+B+M增幅最高,达67.8%,其次为NPK+M、NPK、B+M。通过连续施用微生物菌肥,玫瑰种植地土壤中的细菌、真菌及放线菌数量较CK均显著增加,其中“真菌/(细菌×10)”达到1.042,相关性分析表明,真菌和放线菌数量与玫瑰生长指标具有显著正相关性,与病情指数呈显著负相关。通过施用生物菌肥改善土壤微环境,不仅对玫瑰起到防病促生的调节作用,在实际生产中还可替代或降低农药与化肥使用,有效降低管理难度与生产成本,改善生态环境。

In order to screen eco-green fertilizer,study the application effect of microbial fertilizer(B)and optimize the application method,the effects of different combinations of microbial fertilizer and conventional chemical fertilizer(NPK)were compared in this experiment on the growth traits,disease conditions and flower yield of rose,as well as the soil physical and chemical properties and soil microbial quantity.The results showed that NPK+B had significant effects on plant height and branch number of rose,which increased by 33.3%and 31.8%,compared with the control.B+M(M=Marure)promoted branch but had no effect on stem diameter.The content of soil physical clay in NPK+B+M and B+M treatment groups ranged from 34%-41%,and soil texture was significantly improved.The increase of B,M and B+M in each treatment could adjust the pH to a suitable range of weak acidity,and improved the soil pH properties.All fertilization treatments increased the amount and yield of roses,and the increase of microbial fertilizer could effectively reduce the occurrence of black spot disease,improve the utilization rate of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer,and increase the plant height,stem diameter and the number of new branches,thereby increasing the yield.The disease index decreased from 13.23 to 7.17 compared with CK.The NPK+B+M showed the highest yield increase,reaching 67.8%,followed by NPK+M,NPK and B+M.Through continuous application of microbial fertilizer,the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the soil of rose planting area was significantly increased compared with CK,and“fungi/(bacteria×10)”reached 1.042.The correlation analysis showed that the number of fungi and actinomycetes had a significant positive correlation with the growth index of rose,and had a significant negative correlation with the disease index.In conclusion,the application of microbial fertilizer for improving soil microenvironment not only plays a regulatory role in preventing diseases and promoting growth of roses,but also can replace or reduce the use of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers in actual production,effectively reduce management difficulties and production costs,and improve the ecological environment.