种下分层施用有机肥和化肥对花生产质量的影响

Effect of layered application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer under seed on peanut yield-quality

采用花生营养分层调控-起垄-播种一体机,通过研究花生种下分层施用有机肥与化肥对花生生长发育、养分积累、产量和品质、土壤理化性状的影响,旨在为砂姜黑土区夏花生微域土壤调理、高效施肥提供科学依据。结果表明,与有机肥和化肥撒施相比,种下施肥能改善花生农艺性状、提高经济性状,改善土壤理化性状,增加花生养分积累量,油酸含量平均增加1.94个百分点,产量平均增加554.0 kg/hm^(2),增产11.2%,其中,花生种下5和8 cm分层施用有机肥600 kg/hm^(2)和化肥600 kg/hm^(2)产量最高,为5759.4 kg/hm^(2)。花生种下5和8 cm分层施用有机肥和化肥的产量比种下5 cm同层施用有机肥和化肥的产量平均增加175.7 kg/hm^(2),平均增产3.3%,油酸含量平均增加0.89个百分点。化肥减施25%时,花生种下施用有机肥和化肥比有机肥和化肥撒施产量平均增加258.1~419.4 kg/hm^(2),平均增产5.2%~8.5%,油酸含量平均增加0.75~1.71个百分点,其中花生种下5和8 cm分层施用有机肥和化肥的增产提质效果最好。总之,花生种下5和8 cm分层施用有机肥600 kg/hm^(2)和化肥450 kg/hm^(2),与撒施有机肥600 kg/hm^(2)和化肥600 kg/hm^(2)相比,化肥减施25%,花生增产419.4 kg/hm^(2),增产8.5%,能实现有机肥和化肥协同增效,达到化肥减施和大面积均衡增产的目的,应在夏花生主产区推广应用。

Effects of layered application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer under seed on peanut growth and development,nutrient accumulation,yield,quality and soil physical and chemical properties were studied by peanut nutrition layered fertilization-ridge-sow combination machine,in order to provide scientific basis for soil conditioning and efficient fertilization of summer peanut in vertisol soil area.The results showed that fertilizer applied under seed improved agronomic and economic properties of peanut,improved physical and chemical properties of soil,increased nutrient accumulation of peanut.The content of oleic acid increased by 1.94 percentage points on average,yield increased by 554.0 kg/hm^(2) and 11.2%on average,compared with those of the broadcast application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer,among of them,the peanut pod yield of layered application of 600 kg/hm^(2) organic fertilizer and 600 kg/hm^(2) chemical fertilizer at 5 and 8 cm under seed was the highest,which was 5759.4 kg/hm^(2).Yield of peanut with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer layered application in 5 and 8 cm under seed was higher than that of with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer applied in 5 cm layer,increased averagely by 175.7 kg/hm^(2) and 3.3%,and oleic acid content in peanut kernel increased averagely by 0.89 percentage points.When chemical fertilizer application was reduced by 25%,yield of peanut with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer under seed increased by 258.1-419.4 kg/hm^(2) and 5.2%-8.5%on average,and oleic acid content in peanut kernel increased averagely by 0.75-1.71 percentage points,compared with those of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer broadcast application,among them,effects of increasing yield and improving quality was better when organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were layered applied in 5 and 8 cm under seed.In brief,compared with those of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer broadcast application,when application of chemical fertilizer was reduced by 25%,the yield of peanut with layered application of 600 kg/hm^(2)organic fertilizer and 450 kg/hm^(2) chemical fertilizer in 5 and 8 cm under seed was increased by 419.4 kg/hm^(2) and 8.5%,which could realize synergistic effect of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer,and achieve purpose of chemical fertilizer reduction and large-scale balanced yield increase,it should be popularized and applied in main production areas of summer peanut.