红心火龙果品质产量对有机肥复配生物炭的响应

Response of red pitaya fruit quality and yield to organic fertilizer mixed with biochar

为研究红心火龙果品质和产量对有机肥料复配生物炭的响应,以5年生“台农二号”红心火龙果为供试材料,设置3个稻壳有机肥施肥量和3个生物炭复配比例2个因素,调查了不同处理对火龙果全年6批次果实中4批次的还原糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C(Vc)、可溶性固形物、花青素含量及可食率、产量的影响。结果表明:有机肥显著影响火龙果果肉可溶性蛋白、花青素、可溶性固形物含量及可食率(P<0.05);生物炭显著影响第一批火龙果果肉可溶性蛋白、花青素、可溶性固形物含量,以及第二批的还原糖和Vc含量(P<0.05);有机肥和生物炭交互作用仅显著影响最后一批火龙果果肉的还原糖、可溶性蛋白、花青素及Vc含量(P<0.05)。在相同的施肥量下,施用生物炭的火龙果果肉可溶性固形物、Vc含量和可食率较未施生物炭的显著减少,可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,还原糖含量在低施肥量(22500 kg/hm^(2))下显著降低,而中施肥量(45000 kg/hm^(2))下显著增加(P<0.05)。在相同的施生物炭比例下,增加施肥量显著减少火龙果果肉花青素、可溶性固形物含量及可食率(P<0.05)。火龙果年产量虽然未受试验处理显著影响,但是在中和高施肥量(90000 kg/hm^(2))下复配3%生物炭的产量增加,且高施肥量下复配3%生物炭处理的年产量最高为34.18 t/hm^(2)。基于产量及品质的主成分分析显示,在4批火龙果果实中,低、中施肥量下不复配生物炭和高施肥量下复配3%生物炭处理的果实综合评价较优。在火龙果生产中,推荐施用不复配生物炭的低和中施肥量及复配3%生物炭的高施肥量。

The purpose was to evaluate the response of red pitaya fruit quality and yield to organic fertilizer mixed with biochar.A field experiment was conducted with five-year-old“Tainong no.2”red pitaya,three levels of chaff organic fertilization amounts and three mixture proportion of bamboo biochar were included.The pitaya fruit was harvested in six batch in 2019,and the fruit from four batch were selected as samples in this study.The effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and quality,including reducing sugar content,soluble protein content,vitamin C(Vc)content,soluble solids content and anthocyanin content in flesh as well as edible rate of fruit,were investigated.The results showed that the organic fertilizer significantly affected the contents of soluble protein,anthocyanin,soluble solids contents and the edible rate of fruit(P<0.05).The biochar significantly affected the contents of soluble protein,anthocyanin,and soluble solids in the flesh in the first batch,and reducing sugar and Vc in the second batch(P<0.05).The coupling of organic fertilizer and biochar significantly affected the contents of reducing sugar,soluble protein,and anthocyanin in the flesh,as well as Vc and edible rate of fruit(P<0.05).In the same amount of organic fertilizer,the contents of soluble solids and Vc and edible rate of fruit with applications of biochar decreased significantly compared with those of non-application,but soluble protein increased(P<0.05).The contents of reducing sugar with applications of biochar significantly decreased compared with that of non-application in the low rate of organic fertilizer(22500 kg/hm^(2))treatment,but significantly increased in the medium rate of organic fertilizer(45000 kg/hm^(2))treatment(P<0.05).In the same mixture proportion of biochar,the contents of anthocyanin,soluble solids,and edible rate of fruit significantly decreased with the increase of organic fertilizer(P<0.05).The annual yields of red pitaya fruit was not significantly affected by different treatments(P>0.05),while the annual yield in applications of 3%biochar combined with the medium rate of organic fertilizer and the high rate of organic fertilizer(90000 kg/hm^(2))treatments increased compared with non-application.The annual yield of the high rate of organic fertilizer with 3%biochar treatment was 34.18 t/hm^(2),which was the highest among all treatments.The principal component analysis considering quality and yield revealed that the comprehensive assessment of the low and medium rate of organic fertilizer without biochar and the high rate of organic fertilizer with 3%biochar treatments was better than others.In conclusion,the low and medium rate of organic fertilizer without biochar,and the high rate with 3%biochar is recommended.