1945至1950年间中国共产党探索民主政治形式的考辨

A Textual Researchl Survey of the CPC’s Exploration of Democratic Political Forms from 1945 to 1950

1945年党的七大正式提出了人民代表大会制度的理论构想,抗战胜利后个别解放区召开了人民代表大会。1947年后,中共主要从农村土地改革运动和城市军事管理制度两个方向探索人民代表大会制度。然而,囿于当时召开人民代表大会的条件尚不成熟,仅少数地区召开了农民代表大会或人民代表大会,大多数地区召开了人民代表会议;尤其是新区和城市更加缺乏召开人民代表大会的条件,故一般先组织农民协会和各界代表会,后召开人民代表会议和各界人民代表会议。至新中国建立前夕,中共创造了从各界代表会、各界人民代表会议到人民代表大会由低到高的民主建政路径,实现了各解放区民主政治名称和性质的统一。虽然它们的名称和性质多变,但万变不离其宗,旨在建立人民代表大会制度,并确立为我国根本政治制度。

In 1945,the Seventh National Congress of the Party formally put forward the concept of the people’s congress system.After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan,individual liberated areas held people’s congresses;After 1947,the CPC explored the people’s Congress system mainly from two directions:the rural land reform movement and the urban military administration system.However,due to the immaturity of the conditions for convening the people’s congresses at that time,only a few regions held the peasant congresses or the people’s congresses,while most regions held the council of the people’s deputies;In particular,the new liberated areas and cities even less qualified to hold the people’s congresses,therefore,the farmer’s associations and the conference of representatives from all walks of life were generally organized first,and then the people’s congresses and the people’s congresses from all walks of life were held.On the eve of the founding of New China,the CPC had created a path of democratic governance from low to high,starting from congresses of all walks of life,people’s congresses of all walks of life,and people’s congresses,and had unified the name and nature of democratic politics in all liberated areas.Although their names and nature are different,they remain unchanged and aim to establish the People’s Congress system and establish it as the fundamental political system of our country.