沿边地区开放平台及其经济效率时空演化分析

Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Open Platforms and Economic Efficiency in Border Areas

沿边地区是我国对外开放新阶段的重要门户,沿边地区开放平台则是当地制度改革高地和制度型开放载体。以沿边省区地级行政单元为样本,首先分析沿边开放平台的类型与时空分布演进;其次,基于随机前沿分析(SFA)方法研究全要素生产率的时空演化。结果表明:要素流动性开放时期设立的开放平台类型以边境经济合作区、跨境经济合作区与重点开发开放试验区等类型为主;近期则转型升级为自由贸易试验区或综合保税区等。随着开放平台作用显现,沿边地区的经济效率水平均有所提升,生产效率的空间分布格局重心有向设立开放平台的地市转移的趋势。新冠肺炎疫情等外生冲击严重影响了沿边开放平台经济效率,而沿边地区在资源禀赋、产业结构、基础设施水平、开放水平以及邻国市场等方面的不同,导致开放平台经济效率的空间差异。未来,沿边开放平台发展定位应差异化,制度创新须持续优化,产业结构也应逐步多元化。

The border areas are important gateways in the new stage of Chinas opening up to the outside world,and the opening platforms in border areas are highlands for local institutional reform and carriers of institutional opening.Taking the border provinces and prefecture-level administrative region units as samples,the paper firstly analyzes the evolution of the type and spatiotemporal distribution pattern of open platforms in the border areas.Secondly,the spatial and temporal evolution of total factor productivity is studied based on the stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)method.The results show that the types of open platforms established during the period of liberalization of factor mobility are mainly border economic cooperation zones,cross-border economic cooperation zones and key development and opening pilot zones;Recently,it has been transformed and upgraded to free trade pilot zones or comprehensive bonded zones.As the role of open platforms emerges,the economic efficiency levels of border areas have improved,and the focus of the spatial distribution pattern of production efficiency has tended to shift to border regions where open platforms have been established.The COVID-19 epidemic and other external shocks have seriously affected the economic efficiency of border open platforms.The differences in resource endowments,industrial structures,infrastructure levels,openness levels,and neighboring markets in border areas have led to spatial differences in the economic efficiency of their open platforms.In the future,the development positioning of border open platforms should be differentiated,institutional innovation must be continuously optimized and the industrial structure should also be gradually diversified.