羊粪简易好氧堆肥工艺试验

Experiment on the Simple Aerobic Composting of Sheep Manure

为探讨简易小型好氧堆肥工艺的可行性,给中小型养殖户提供一种操作简便、成本低廉的畜禽粪污资源化处理技术,本试验以干羊厩粪为堆肥原料、以干牧草为碳氮比调理剂,采用底部自然通风方法进行了为期35 d的简易小型好氧堆肥发酵试验,在堆温升高至70℃和堆制第15 d各进行一次翻堆。测定了堆肥过程中堆体温度、pH、总有机碳和总有机氮含量、胡敏酸和富里酸含量、堆肥产品无害化指标。结果表明:C3处理60.0℃以上高温期维持时间为5 d;三个处理堆体的总有机碳含量和碳氮比都随着堆肥时间呈现下降趋势,C2和C3处理的碳氮比在堆肥结束时下降至20以下,分别为19.8和18.5;三个处理第35 d的pH值为8.93、8.83和8.24,均呈弱碱性;三个处理第35 d的腐殖化指数稳定为0.46、0.33和0.39,与堆肥起始相比,分别提高了43.9、1.0和23.9%;从堆肥产品无害化指标来看,三个处理堆肥产品均符合粪便无害化卫生要求,且对植物无毒害作用;三个处理堆肥产品的总有机质含量、总养分含量、氮磷钾含量均高于标准限值,均符合有机肥要求。试验结果说明以干羊厩粪和干牧草作为堆肥原料,在初始碳氮比为30,初始含水率60%、底部自然通风的条件下,采用简易小型好氧堆肥工艺,经过35 d发酵腐熟的堆肥产品完全符合NY/T525-2021《有机肥料》的标准。简易好氧堆肥工艺能够达到中小型养殖场羊粪便无害化、资源化处理要求。

In order to explore the feasibility of a simple and small-scale aerobic composting process,and to provide a simple and low-cost livestock and poultry manure resource treatment technology for small and medium-sized farmers,a 35-day simple and small-scale aerobic composting experiment was carried out with natural bottom ventilation,using dry sheep manure as composting materials,dry pastures as carbon-nitrogen ratio regulators.The pile was turned over once the pile temperature was increased to 70℃and on the 15th day.The pile temperature,pH,total organic carbon and total organic nitrogen content,humic acid and fulvic acid content,seed germination index,heavy metal content and other indicators in the composting process were determined.The results showed that the maintenance time of the high temperature period above 60.0℃in C3 treatment were 5 days.The total organic carbon content and carbon-nitrogen ratio of the three treatment piles showed a downward trend with the composting time.The carbon-nitrogen ratios of the C2 and C3 treatments dropped below 20 at the end of composting,and were 19.8 and 18.5,respectively.The pH values on day 35 of the three treatments were 8.93,8.83and 8.24,all of which were weakly alkaline.The humification index on day 35 of the three treatments were 0.46,0.33and 0.39,which increased by 43.9,1.0 and 23.9%respectively compared with the initial composting.From the perspective of the mortality of roundworm eggs,the number of fecal coliforms,the content of heavy metals,and the index of seed germination,the three composting products met the sanitary requirements for fecal harmlessness and were non-toxic to plants.The total organic matter content,total nutrient content,and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content of the three processed compost products were all higher than the standard limit and met the requirements of organic fertilizer.When dry sheep manure and pastures were used as compost raw materials,the fermented and decomposed compost product fully met the standards of NY/T525-2021"Organic Fertilizer"by simple and small-scale aerobic composting process,under the conditions of initial carbon-nitrogen ratios of 30,initial moisture content of about 60%,and natural ventilation at the bottom.The simple aerobic composting process can meet the requirements of the harmless and resourceful treatment of sheep manure in small and medium-sized farms.