黔东南地区蓝莓果实发育特性研究

Development Characteristics of Blueberry Fruits in the Southeast Guizhou

黔东南地区引种蓝莓出现品种混杂、品质良莠不齐等现象,因此鉴选适宜该地区种植的蓝莓品种迫在眉睫。本试验以黔东南地区主栽的夏普蓝、灿烂、莱克西、巴尔德温、粉蓝5个蓝莓品种为材料,研究果实发育期(幼果期、白果期、转色期、紫果期和成熟期)花青素含量及其他品质相关指标的变化过程,以期鉴选出适宜于该地区种植的高花青素蓝莓品种。结果表明,5个蓝莓品种的果实花青素、类黄酮、总酚、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和pH值随着成熟度提高呈现逐渐上升趋势,而SOD活性、可滴定酸含量、VC含量、电导率则呈逐渐下降趋势。成熟期,夏普蓝的花青素、类黄酮、总酚、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量均高于其他品种,而莱克西的可滴定酸和VC含量高于其他品种,巴尔德温的SOD活性和相对电导率高于其他品种,粉蓝的pH值高于其他品种。对蓝莓花青素含量及其他品质相关指标进行综合评价,结果显示夏普蓝为最优高花青素品种。

The introduction of blueberry had the problems of mixed varieties and uneven quality in the Southeast Guizhou.Therefore,it was urgent to select blueberry varieties suitable for planting in this area.In this experiment,five blueberry varieties,Sharpblue,Britewell,Legacy,Baldwin and Powderblue,were used as materials to study the dynamic change of anthocyanin content and other quality-related indexes during fruit development(including young fruit stage,white fruit stage,color transformation stage,purple fruit stage and mature stage),so as to select high-anthocyanin blueberry varieties suitable for this area.The results showed that the content of anthocyanins,flavonoids,total phenols,soluble solids,soluble sugar and soluble protein and the pH value of five blueberry varieties increased gradually with the increase of maturity,while the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),the contents of titratable acid and vitamin C(VC)and the relative electrolyte leakage(REC)decreased gradually.At maturity,the contents of anthocyanins,flavonoids,total phenols,sol-uble solids,soluble sugar and soluble protein of Sharpblue were higher than those of the other varieties;the contents of titratable acid and VC of Legacy were higher than those of the other varieties;the SOD activity and REC of Baldwin were higher than those of the other varieties,and the pH value of Powderblue was higher than those of the other varieties.Comprehensive evaluation on blueberry anthocyanin content and other quality-relat-ed indicators showed that Sharpblue was the optimal high-anthocyanin variety,which was suitable to be popu-larized as a deep-processing variety.