三甲基甘氨酸根施对设施番茄生长和土壤速效养分的影响

Root Application Effects of Trimethylglycine on Protected Tomato Growth and Soil Available Nutrients

为获得番茄最佳产量、提高肥料利用率,本试验探究不同种类和浓度的三甲基甘氨酸对设施番茄生长及土壤速效养分的影响。试验选用三甲基甘氨酸磷酸盐(TP)和一水三甲基甘氨酸(TM)为材料,以清水为对照(CK),分别设置3个根施用量:13.7(TP1)、27.6(TP2)、41.2 kg/hm^(2)(TP3)和5.4(TM1)、10.8(TM2)、16.3 kg/hm^(2)(TM3),共7个处理。在番茄主要生育期测定果实产量、品质、叶片光合特性、抗氧化酶活性及土壤速效养分等指标。结果表明,根施高量三甲基甘氨酸磷酸盐(TP3)显著提高番茄果实产量,改善果实品质。与CK相比,TP3处理增产达23.6%,果实VC含量增加29.6%,可溶性糖含量增加38.8%,可溶性固形物含量增加9.6%;TP3处理的成熟期番茄叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、CAT、POD、SOD和APX活性较CK分别增加21.2%、40.0%、103.8%、111.1%、78.0%、106.3%,而MDA含量降低53.7%。同时,TP3处理的土壤养分含量均最低。综上,施用高量三甲基甘氨酸磷酸盐对设施番茄产量、果实品质、叶片光合特性和抗氧化酶活性均有较大提高,而土壤养分含量维持在较低水平,这为番茄增产提质和提高肥料利用率提供了理论依据。

This study aimed to explore the effects of different trimethylglycine species and concentrations on protected tomato growth and soil available nutrients in order to obtain the optimum tomato yield and increase the fertilizer use efficiency.The plot experiment was carried out in greenhouse with the tomato variety Nuofeng 158 as material.Trimethylglycine phosphate(TP)and trimethylglycine monohydrate(TM)were adopted and the dosages of 13.7 kg/hm^(2)(TP1),27.6 kg/hm^(2)(TP2),41.2 kg/hm^(2)(TP3),5.4 kg/hm^(2)(TM1),10.8 kg/hm^(2)(TM2)and 16.3 kg/hm^(2)(TM3)were set for the experiment,with clear water as control(CK).The tomato fruit yield and quality,leaf photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activities,and soil a-vailable nutrients were detected at main growth and development stages.The results showed that root applica-tion of high amount of trimethylglycine phosphate(TP3)significantly increased tomato fruit yield and im-proved fruit quality.Compared with CK,TP3 treatment increased the tomato yield by 23.6%,increased the fruit VC content by 29.6%,increased the soluble sugar content by 38.8%,increased the soluble solid content by 9.6%,and increased the SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate and activities of CAT,POD,SOD and APX in tomato leaves by 21.2%,40.0%,103.8%,111.1%,78.0%and 106.3%,but decreased the MDA content by 53.7%.At the same time,the amount of soil nutrients under TP3 treatment was the lowest.In summary,the application of high amount of trimethylglycine phosphate could greatly improve the fruit yield and quality,leaf photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activities of protected tomato,and maintain the re-sidual nutrients in soil at a low level,which would provide an important technical means for increasing tomato yield,quality and fertilizer use efficiency.