明代书院射礼的形成逻辑、文化结构及历史价值

The Formation Logic,Cultural Structure and Historical Value of Archery Ritual in Ming Dynasty Academy

书院是中国教育史上最具特色的教育机构,在明代迎来繁荣发展。射礼以其独特的文化形式,承载了明代书院的治学要求与育人思想。运用文献研究、历史考察、个案分析等方法,对明代书院射礼的形成逻辑、文化结构及历史价值展开深入探讨。明代书院射礼的形成逻辑:倡科举、兴六艺的国家意志,奠定了其政治基础;书院的高度官学化发展,稳固了其经济支撑;书院与学术思想的繁荣互促,丰富了其文化内涵;武书院以文助武的教育模式,强化了其价值取向。明代书院射礼的文化结构主要包括物态、制度、行为、心态4个层面,主要体现为由单一到多元逐步丰富的物质实体,并“武”入“礼”形成礼制化群体规约,知识教育与身体规训构建规范化行为模式,由“崇德尚礼”到“学为圣贤”的精神追求。明代书院射礼的历史价值体现在“圣”“礼”“乐”“祀”4个方面,主要为由“希圣希贤”到“内圣外王”的修身之道,由“礼乐教化”到“明德至善”的育人智慧,由“习容讲艺”到“投之以乐”的比赛理念,由“祭祀圣贤”到“学统道统”的身份认同。

Academies are the most distinctive educational organizations in the history of Chinese education,which flourished and developed in the Ming Dynasty.With its unique cultural form,the archery ritual carries the academic requirements,thereby bearing ideas of academy education in the Ming Dynasty.This paper uses the methods of literature research,historical investigation and case analysis to deeply explore the formation logic,cultural structure and historical value of the archery ritual in the Ming Dynasty academy.The formation logic of archery ritual in Ming Dynasty academy is drawn as follows:The national will to promote the imperial examination and promote the six arts laid its political foundation;The highly official development of academy stabilized its economic support;The prosperity of academy and academic thought promoted each other and enriched its cultural connotation;The educational mode of“literature helps martial arts”in Wu academy has strengthened its value orientation.The cultural structure of archery ritual in Ming Dynasty academy mainly includes four levels:physical,institutional,behavioral and psychological level,which are mainly reflected in the material entity being gradually enriched from the single to the multiple;the etiquette group regulations formed by“Wu”into“Li”,the standardized behavior patterns mode of knowledge education and body discipline,the spiritual pursuit of“advocating morality and propriety”to“learning for sages”.The historical value of archery ritual in Ming Dynasty academy is mainly reflected in the four aspects of“sage”“ritual”“fun”and“sacrifice”,which are mainly the way of self⁃cultivation from“hope to be saints and sages”to“inner saints and outer kings”,the wisdom of educating people from“ritual and music education”to“reach perfection with morality”,the competition concept from“Learning art and promoting morality”to“throwing for fun”,and the self⁃identity from“sacrificing sages”to“academic and Confucian orthodoxy”.