秦巴山区社会-生态系统恢复力权衡-协同关系及驱动力——以陕南地区为例

Trade-Offs and Synergies of Socio-Ecological System Resilience and Driving Forces in the Qinba Mountains:A Case Study of Southern Shaanxi,China

秦巴山区是中国重要的生态功能区,面临生态环境保护与社会经济发展的双重压力。探究秦巴山区社会-生态系统相互作用关系对推动区域高质量发展具有重要的现实意义。目前已有研究受限于系统复杂性,仅聚焦于社会-生态系统恢复力的整体性评价,缺乏对各子系统之间的权衡与协同关系的讨论。本文以陕南地区为例,从社会、经济、生态子系统,脆弱性与应对能力两个维度建立恢复力指标体系,使用TOPSIS模型对陕南地区2005—2020年社会-生态系统恢复力进行测度,通过相关性分析衡量社会-生态系统恢复力各子系统间权衡与协同关系,并识别其主要驱动力。结果表明:(1)2005—2020年陕南地区社会、经济、生态系统和社会-生态系统恢复力均有不同程度的提升。(2)生态系统脆弱性分别与生态系统应对能力、社会系统脆弱性之间存在权衡关系,其他子系统之间主要表现为波动变化的协同关系。(3)与权衡关系相关的主要障碍因子为农村居民生活水平、地形破碎程度和垃圾处理能力;与协同关系相关的主要贡献因子为第一、二产业发展水平、地方财政实力、农村居民生活水平、垃圾处理能力以及教育发展水平。本研究从权衡与协同关系的问题视角出发解析社会-生态系统恢复力,可以为秦巴山区高质量发展提供优化对策与建议。

The Qinba Mountains is an important ecological function area in China,currently challenged by both ecological protection and socio-economic development.It is of great practical significance to explore the interaction of social-ecological system in the Qinba Mountains to sustain regional high-quality development.Limited by the complexity of a socio-ecological system,most scientific efforts were made merely toward an overall evaluation of the resilience of socio-ecological system,but little attention was paid to the trade-offs and synergies between individual subsystems.This study focused on the three major subsystems:social system,economic system,and ecological system,and established an indicator system from the perspectives of vulnerability and coping capacity.A TOPSIS model was used to measure the resilience of the social-ecological system in Qinba,southern Shaanxi from 2005 to 2020.It determined the trade-offs and synergies among different subsystems in the social-ecological system resilience by relevant analysis and identified main driving forces behind trade-offs and synergies by Obstacle Degree Model and the Contribution Degree Model.It has the following findings.(1)From 2005 to 2020,the social system,economic system and ecological system,as well as social-ecological system resilience in the southern Shaanxi region had been improved to some extent.(2)The trade-offs correlation existed between social system vulnerability and ecosystem vulnerability,as well as between ecosystem coping capacity and ecosystem vulnerability.The main interaction between the other subsystems is characterized by fluctuating and changing synergies.(3)The main obstacles related to trade-offs were the living standard of rural residents,terrain fragmentation level,and the capacity of garbage disposal.The main contributing factors related to synergies included the development level of the first and second industries,the local financial strength,the living standard of rural residents,the capacity of garbage disposal and the level of education development.This study analyzed the resilience of the socio-ecological system from the perspective of trade-offs and synergies,and it would provide optimization strategies for a high-quality development of the Qinba Mountains.