欠发达山区农户生计恢复力测度——以广西凤山县为例

Measurement of the Livelihood Resilience of Farmers in Underdeveloped Mountainous Areas:A Case Study of Fengshan County,Guangxi,China

欠发达山区农户抵御外界风险与挑战的能力差,生计发展面临挑战。提升农户生计恢复力,可提升农户应对干扰时的抗干扰和恢复能力,有助于欠发达山区建立长效发展机制。然而,已有研究主要集中在风险扰动下的生计恢复力的测度,对生计恢复力的空间属性关注不足,且对欠发达山区的关注较少。本研究以广西凤山县为例,基于恢复力理论,从自组织能力、缓冲能力、学习能力三个维度对欠发达山区农户生计恢复力进行评价,引入地理分析方法探测生计恢复力影响因素。结果表明:(1)凤山县欠发达山区农户生计恢复力水平整体较高,其中自组织能力最强,学习能力最弱。(2)农业主导型农户生计恢复力最高,得益于自组织能力强;依赖补贴型生计恢复力最低,各项能力均不具有优势。(3)生计恢复力处于低值的农户在凤山县环境保护区范围内发生了空间聚集,凤山县环境保护区生态经济潜力需要进一步挖掘。(4)农户生计恢复力主要受政策依赖度、石漠化敏感性、农业依赖度、出省务工人数占比4个因子的影响。(5)欠发达山区可通过升级特色产业、开展生态旅游、变革帮扶手段、增加发展要素四个方面构建农户生计恢复力增强路径,建立可持续发展长效机制。研究结果可以为欠发达山区农户生计恢复力的异质性特征识别提供支撑,为乡村振兴时期的农户生计恢复力提升、欠发达山区可持续发展提供科学依据。

Rural revitalization movement contributes to poverty alleviation in rural areas of China.Although Chinese rural revitalization campaign had achieved a lot,there still are farmers in the most underdeveloped mountainous areas of China who keep poor capability to resist external risks and challenges.Deficiency in natural resources with deteriorating regional geo-environment made the livelihood sustainability in the regions quite be an issue.Improving the livelihood resilience of farmers can improve their restoration ability to defend against any external interference,and it will help to establish a long-term development mechanism in the areas.Resilience theory was introduced as a new research approach to evaluation of sustainable development and promotion.Previous scientific concerns were made almost to the measurement of livelihood resilience under risk disturbance,but it paid less attention to the spatial attributes of livelihood resilience,even without care of underdeveloped mountainous areas in China.In this study,it took Fengshan county of Guangxi province,China as a case study.Livelihood resilience of farmers in underdeveloped mountainous areas were investigated from the three dimensions of self-organizing ability,buffering ability and learning ability,and then geographical analysis methods was introduced to detect the influencing factors of livelihood resilience.It has the following points.(1)The overall level of livelihood resilience of farmers in the underdeveloped mountainous areas of Fengshan county was relatively high,in which the self-organizing ability was the strongest and the learning ability was the weakest.(2)Agriculture-dependent farmers had the highest livelihood resilience,benefiting from strong self-organizing ability,whereas subsidy-dependent farmers had the lowest livelihood resilience,lacking of advantages in all aspects.(3)Farmers whose livelihood resilience were low had spatial aggregation in environmental protection areas of Fengshan county,reflecting the need to further exploit local ecological and economic resources.(4)Livelihood resilience of farmers were mainly influenced by four factors:policy dependence,sensitivity to rocky desertification,agricultural dependence,and the proportion of out-migrant workers,among those policy dependence had the greatest influence,whereas the proportion of out-migrant workers had the smallest impact.(5)In underdeveloped mountainous areas,we can build a path to enhance farmers livelihood resilience and establish by upgrading characteristic industries,developing eco-tourism,changing assistance means and expanding development elements.The results of this study provides the basis for identifying the heterogeneous characteristics of livelihood resilience in underdeveloped mountainous areas;it offers a scientific reference for enhancing livelihood resilience during the rural revitalization period and promoting sustainable development in the underdeveloped mountainous areas.