“布局”的结构要件、艺术功能和审美原则——亚里士多德散文写作理论研究(三)

Structural Elements,Artistic Functions and Aesthetic Principles of “Arrangement Art” ——Aristotle's Prose Writing Theory(3)

亚里士多德系统整理了古希腊早期修辞学中的结构学说,重新阐释了散文的布局艺术。在政治、典礼、诉讼三种演说类型中,说明和证明是布局艺术不可缺少的两个结构要件,序论、结束语等部分可酌情取舍。布局的艺术功能是通过精心安排结构来提高论证质量、展示演说者品性、激发听众情感共鸣,从而实现吸引和说服。亚里士多德主张整体论和有机论,要求散文布局完整、严密,这体现了他的篇章意识,也是修辞术有别于论辩术的重要特征。20世纪,古希腊布局艺术精神回响在文学结构主义思潮中,重返现代学术。亚里士多德将诗学与修辞学并举,可以引发对散文研究和现代写作学发展的重新思考。

Aristotle systematically sorted out structural theory in early Greek rhetoric and reinterpreted the art of prose arrangement.Applicable to the deliberative,epideictic and judicial types of speech,the statement and the proof are two essential structural elements,while the introduction and the epilogue are flexible.The artistic function of arrangement is to finally attract and persuade the audience by elaborately arranging the structure to improve the quality of argument,display the speaker's character and evoke an emotional resonance in the audience.Aristotle advocated holism and organism,requiring prose to be complete and rigorous in arrangement,which reflected his discourse consciousness and was an important feature that distinguished rhetoric from argumentation.In the 20th century,arrangement art echoed in the literary structuralism,and returned to the modern humanities and social sciences.Aristotle's combination of poetics and rhetoric can trigger a reconsideration of the value of prose research and the development of modern writing theory.