乡村振兴背景下陕西省生态环境质量影响因素探究

Study on the Factors Influencing Ecological Environment Quality in Shaanxi Province in the Context of Rural Re⁃vitalization

生态环境质量的优劣一定程度上决定着人类社会能否实现可持续发展,探明乡村发展对生态环境的作用方式及程度,对于区域实现乡村振兴和可持续发展具有一定的现实意义。以陕西省为研究对象,以县域为研究单元,利用长时间序列的遥感生态指数(RSEI)表征陕西省生态环境质量的时空变化特征与变化趋势,借助时空地理加权回归模型,探究生态环境质量的影响因素及其空间差异。研究表明:(1)2000—2020年生态环境质量整体呈向好趋势,RSEI值从2000年的04833增长到2020年的06512,生态环境质量等级为好、较好区域面积占比由4014%上升至6343%,集中分布在陕南山区及延安市;(2)生态环境质量从2000—2020年总体呈现“快速变好→缓慢转好”的演变趋势,生态环境质量改善区域面积远大于生态环境退化区域;(3)人口因子、土地因子和产业因子对生态环境的影响呈现明显的空间差异性,影响方式发生转变的因子有林地面积占比、农村居民点面积占比、单位面积化肥使用量和单位面积机械总动力。建议在未来发展过程中制定出分区域、科学合理的乡村振兴政策,以实现陕西省乡村发展与生态环境的协调发展。

The quality of the ecological environment often determines whether human society can achieve sustainable de-velopment or not.It is of practical importance to explore how and to what extent rural development affects the ecological en-vironment to achieve regional rural revitalization and sustainable development.Taking Shaanxi Province as the research ob-ject and counties as the research unit,the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)for a long time series was used to char-acterize the spatial and temporal changes and changing trends in ecological environment quality in the province.The factors influencing the quality and spatial differences in the ecological environment were explored with the help of spatial and tem-poral geographical weighted regression models.The study show that:(1)the overall changing trend of ecological environ-ment quality from 2000 to 2020 was positive,with the RSEI value increasing from 04833 in 2000 to 06512 in 2020.The ecological environment quality grades were good and relatively good,with the percentage of areas increasing from 4014%to 6343%,which are concentrated in the mountainous areas of southern Shaanxi Province and Yan′an City.(2)The overall trend was a"rapid improvement→slow change for the better"from 2000 to 2020.The areas with an im-proved ecological environment are much larger than those with a degraded ecological environment.(3)The influence of the population,land,and industry factors on the ecological environment showed an obvious spatial variability.The main factors that affecting the influence mode were the proportion of forest land area,the proportion of rural settlement area,fertilizer use per unit area,and total mechanical power per unit area.It is suggested that a sub-regional,scientific,and rational ru-ral revitalization policy should be formulated for the future development process to coordinate rural development and the ec-ological environment in Shaanxi Province.