土壤结皮发育程度对氮磷淋溶的影响研究

Study on the Influence of Soil Crust Development Degree on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Leaching

土壤结皮的发育影响土壤淋溶过程中的养分流失情况。选取降雨强度为30 mm/h雨强,时间为0 min、10 min、30 min形成的不同发育程度的结皮,采用土盘、土柱试验,对铵根离子和磷酸根离子的流失进行分析。结果表明:①土壤结皮的发育对土壤减渗效果作用明显,两种雨强下10 min、30 min结皮的平均减渗效果分别达到了39.99%、61.93%。②对淋溶水养分进行显著性分析,结果表明在两种雨强下,结皮发育均会对铵根离子、磷酸根离子的浓度产生显著性影响,结皮发育会减少土壤淋溶水中的养分流失。③对土壤养分流失的影响进行相关性分析,铵根离子和磷酸根离子流失率与土壤结皮抗剪强度、土壤结皮容重呈负相关关系,与土壤结皮孔隙度、土壤淋溶水量呈正相关关系。

The development of soil crust affects the nutrient loss in the soil leaching process.Different degrees of crust development formed at 0 min,10 min,and 30 min under a rainfall intensity of 30 mm/h were selected.Soil tray and soil column experiments were conducted to analyze the loss of ammonium ions and phosphate ions.The results indicate that:①The development of soil crust significantly affects the soil infiltration capacity,and the average permeability reduction effect of soil crust at 10 min and 30 min under two kinds of rain intensity is 39.99%and 61.93%,respectively.②The significance analysis of leached water nutrients showed that under two rainfall intensities,the development of crust would have a significant difference in the loss of ammonium and phosphate ions.③The physical properties of soil crust were correlated with the leaching volume of soil and nutrient loss.The loss rate of ammonium ions and phosphate ions showed a negative correlation with the shear strength and bulk density of the soil crust and a positive correlation with the porosity of the soil crust and the leaching volume of the soil.