美国现代慈善的两个黄金时代与慈善资本主义的前景

Two Golden Ages of Modern Philanthropy in the US andthe Future of the Philanthro-Capitalism

美国现代慈善事业的两个黄金时代都是伴随着市场经济创业潮而产生的。19世纪下半叶兴起的创业潮催生了第一个黄金时代,20世纪末以来的互联网创业潮带来了第二个黄金时代。这两个黄金时代的底层逻辑都是慈善资本主义。在第一个黄金时代,慈善被用来证明资本主义的合法性,建立了独立的非营利组织制度,实现了慈善与商业的制度性隔离。然而,在第二个黄金时代,慈善与商业越走越近,二者之间的隔离渐渐被突破。近年来,慈善资本主义受到了越来越多的质疑。批评者认为,作为美国资本主义经济制度的衍生物,慈善并不能矫正这一制度的内在失灵。

The two golden ages of modern philanthropy in the United States were both rising with the entrepreneurial tide of market economy. The rise of entrepreneurship in the second half of the 19th century gave birth to the first golden age,and the Internet entrepreneurship since the end of the 20th century has brought about the second golden age. The underlying logic of these two golden ages is thephilanthropic capitalism. In the first golden age, philanthropy was used to guard thelegitimacy of capitalism, an independent non-profit organization system was established to build the institutional separation between philanthropy and business. However, in the second golden age, the Teflon coatingpreventingphilanthropyfromcommerce were gradually broken as the relationship between the nonprofit sectorand business sector became closer and closer. In recent years, philanthropic capitalism has been questioned more and more. Critics believe that, as a derivative of theAmerican capitalist economic system, philanthropy cannot correct the internal failureof this system.