康雍乾盛世的粮食危机与乾隆的酒禁政策

The Food Crisis in the Flourishing Age of Kang-Yong-Qian and the Alcohol Prohibition Policy Adopted by Qianlong

康雍乾时期,史称“盛世”,然而随着人口急剧增长,耕地垦殖殆尽,粮食亩产量难以提高,人口与粮食供给的矛盾日益凸显。此时,酿酒业的兴起耗费大量的粮食,加剧了粮食危机。乾隆嗣位后即采取严厉的禁酒禁曲政策,得到了以方苞为代表的主禁派官员的坚决支持,而以孙嘉淦为代表的开禁派大臣则极力反对。双方各执一词,彼此辩驳,思想交锋异常尖锐。终乾隆一朝,酒禁政策未曾废除,但执行力度于其中后期有所缓和。酒禁政策并不能从根本上解决粮食危机,相反弊端丛生,给百姓的日常生活带来了很大的滋扰,一定程度上加重了百姓生活的困境。

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong,the Qing Dynasty gradually moved towards its heyday.However,with the rapid growth of population and the depletion of cultivated land,the yield of grain per mu was difficult to improve,and the contradiction between population and food supply became increasingly prominent.Over the same period,winemaking rose again,consuming huge amounts of grain and exacerbating the food crisis.After ascending the throne,Qianlong adopted a strict policy of alcohol prohibition,which was firmly supported by the officials headed by Fang Bao,while the officials represented by Sun Jiagan strongly opposed this policy.The two sides hold different views and argued with each other,showing the fierce ideological confrontation between idealists and pragmatists.At the end of Qianlong’s reign,the prohibition policy was not abolished,but the enforcement was eased.Instead of solving the food crisis completely,the policy of alcohol prohibition had brought some troubles to people’s daily life,and aggravated their plight.