关于社区听障老年人对国产助听器第一印象的调查研究

A Survey on the First Impression of Domestic Hearing Aids among Community-Dwelling Elderly with Hearing Loss in China

目的调查社区老年人对国产助听器的初步印象,探讨应用国产助听器在社区层面推广老年人听力健康的前景。方法选取188名上海和北京普通社区60岁以上老年人(健听组30名,听障组158名),完成听力和认知功能评估后,根据其听力状况给予国产助听器试听和试操作,并请其对3种常规外型助听器(盒式机、耳背机和耳道机)从感观、感受、价格等方面进行量化评价,分析调查结果。结果调查项以100分为最高评分,社区老人对国产助听器的易操作性、清晰度和音质均分为90分,外观评分中耳道机评分最高,约85分。社区老人对助听器带来正面感受(能促进与人相处和能让生活更容易)的认同程度超过95分,对负面感受(丢人、恶心、烦躁)的认同程度低于10分。84%的听障老人和87%的健听老人在考虑配戴助听器对会优先选择耳道机。健听组对实验助听器价格的估计更接近其真实价格,听障组的价格估计偏高,更接近经济型进口助听器价格。近70%的老人对配戴助听器仍然心存顾虑,但健听老人和听障老人的顾虑稍有不同。在主动配戴助听器的时间节点上,53%的健听老人选择中度听力下降时配戴,而57%的听障老人选择重度听力下降时配戴。所有受试者均赞同在社区医院为老人开展听力干预服务。结论我国自主研发主控芯片的助听器能够满足社区听障老人的听力康复需求,具有推广应用的价值和前景。同时,减少老年人配戴助听器的顾虑,并将其主动听力健康的时间节点前移,需要助听科技进一步的发展和更加广泛深入的听力健康教育。

Objective To investigating the initial impression of Chinese domestic hearing aids among elderly people in the community.Methods A total of 188 elderly residents aged 60 and above from typical communities in Shanghai and Beijing participated in the study.The normal hearing(NH)group consists of 30 participants,and the hearing loss(HL)group consists of 158 participants.Following a battery of audiological assessments,the participants were given minutes of trial hearing aids experience and hearing aid operation experience,meanwhile,they completed a hearing aid judgement survey.Results Participants gave an average score of 90 points for the ease of operation,clarity,and sound quality of domestic hearing aids(the highest score for the survey item was 100).The in-the-canal hearing aids received a higher score compared to the body-wear and behind-the-ear hearing aids.Both groups rated over 95 points for the potential positive impact brought by hearing aids,while less than 10 points for the potential negative impacts.The in-the-canal hearing aids were rated as the priory choice by over 80%of the participants.The price estimation from the NH group was closer to the actual price than from the HL group.Nearly 70%of the elderly still have concerns about wearing hearing aids,but the concerns of two groups were slightly different.53%of the NH group chose to wear hearing aids when they have"moderate hearing loss",while 57%of the HL group chose to wear them when they have"severe hearing loss".All participants supported that community hospitals provide hearing intervention services for the elderly.Conclusion The Chinese domestic hearing aids are able to meet the needs of elderly people with hearing loss in communities. Further development of hearing aid technology and more extensive and in-depth hearing health education are required to reduce the concerns about wearing hearing aids and facilitate proactive hearing health seeking.