清朝国家祭祀体系之下的新疆官方祭祀体系设置与新疆治理

The arrangements of the official ritual system in Xinjiang and its governance under the national ritual system of the Qing Dynasty

乾隆二十七年(1762),清政府设立伊犁将军,对新疆地区进行全面有效治理,新疆官方祭祀开始设置并逐渐趋同于内地直省。光绪朝新疆建省后,新疆官方祭祀在南北疆全面铺开。新疆官方祭祀是清朝地方国家祭祀的重要组成部分,同清朝其他直省国家祭祀一样,与主要位于京师的皇帝参与的中枢国家祭祀存在密切的对应关系。清政府将设置新疆官方祭祀作为政权建设的重要组成部分,而新疆的官方祭祀也极大强化了新疆各族人民对国家的向心力,巩固了清政府对新疆的治理。

In the second year of Qian-long(乾隆)era(1762),the Qing government appointed the Ili General for the effective governance of Xinjiang region.The ritual system was established in Xinjiang and gradually aligned with those of inland provinces.After Xinjiang being set up as a province during the Guang-xu(光绪)era,official rituals became fully underway in the northern and southern Xinjiang.The official ritual in Xinjiang was a key constituent of the state ritual in the local regions of the Qing Dynasty.Similar to the state rituals in other provinces of the country,it closely corresponded to the central state rituals participated by the emperor mainly based on the capital.The Qing government took the installation of the official rituals in Xinjiang as an integral part of the establishment of sovereignty.At the same time,the official rituals in Xinjiang significantly strengthened the centripetal force of various ethnic groups towards the country,which in turn consolidated the governance of Xinjiang by the Qing government.