青海省矿山地质环境恢复治理成效评估方法研究:以青海省某矿区为例

Study on the effectiveness evaluation method of mine geological environment restoration and governance in Qinghai Province:taking a mining area in Qinghai Province as an example

矿山绿色开采是以先进的开采技术最大限度减轻采矿的环境损伤,促进采矿与环境保护协调一致。为了促进青海省自然保护区矿业权绿色开采以及矿业权退出地质环境保护工作,以某探矿权和采矿权工程为研究对象,选取了景观一致性、植被恢复效果、管护措施等三个方面的指标,建立了多层次地质环境恢复治理成效评估体系,采用赋权法对各个工程进行评价指标权重赋值,基于GIS平台采用多因素综合法计算了矿区内地质环境恢复治理成效,并结合外业核查、低空无人机遥感对矿区矿山地质环境问题、恢复治理方法和恢复治理成效进行评估,研究了当前矿山地质环境问题及影响程度。根据地质环境恢复治理实施方案对工程治理、生态恢复、后期管护等为主的监测与管护措施进行监测与评估,旨在摸清矿山地质环境恢复治理现状,监测恢复治理前后矿山地质环境变化趋势,评估恢复治理成效,制定矿业权退出地质环境恢复治理验收技术、方法和规范,为矿业权退出地质环境恢复治理验收提供支撑和依据。

Green mining in mines is the use of advanced mining techniques to minimize environmental damage caused by mining and promote coordination between mining and environmental protection.In order to promote green mining of mining rights in natural reserves of Qinghai Province and geological environment protection work after mining rights withdrawal,taking a exploration and mining rights project as the research object,selects three indexes including the consistency of landform landscape,the effectiveness of vegetation restoration and management and protection measures in the mining area.A multi-level evaluation system for the effectiveness of geological environment restoration and governance is established.The weighting method is used to assign the weight of evaluation index to each project.Based on GIS platform,the multi-factor synthesis method is used to calculate the effectiveness of geological environment restoration and governance in mining area.Through field investigation and remote sensing monitoring,the problems of geological environment in mining area,the methods and the effectiveness of restoration and governance are discussed and evaluated.The geological environment problem in mine and its influence degree are studied.According to the implementation plan of geological environment restoration and governance,the monitoring and management and protection measures mainly including engineering management,ecological restoration and final management and protection are monitored and evaluated.To find out the current situation of mine geological environment restoration and governance,to monitor the change trend of mine geological environment before and after restoration and governance,to assess the effectiveness of restoration and governance,to formulate acceptance techniques,methods and standards for geological environment restoration and governance after the mining rights withdrawal,to provide support and basis for check and accept of geological environment restoration and governance after the mining rights withdrawal.