民机座舱空气环境参数权重分析方法对比研究

Comparative study on weight analysis methods of cabin air parameters in civil aircraft

民机座舱空气环境包含的参数众多且相互耦合,是人体直接接触并感知的一类环境,影响人体舒适性和健康。对空气环境的综合评价旨在明确影响人体感官的关键因素,评判不同设计方案的优劣,为系统设计优化提供指导。在众多的综合评价方法中,权重系数均是最为关键但最难定义的指标,直接影响综合评价结果。权重分析方法一般分为主观赋权法和客观赋权法,这2类方法的计算原理种类繁多。现有研究中一般仅选择一种方法定义权重,无法评判所选方法是否适用于该领域的综合评价,因此权重结果的参考价值也无从考究。针对民机座舱空气环境,从参数体系架构出发,采用常用的主客观赋权法各2种,基于相同的调研航班完成权重分析与结果对比。结果表明主客观赋权法的意义不同,主观赋权法反映人群对不同参数的重视程度,客观赋权法反映不同机型舱内空气环境参数控制水平的差距,建议同时采用主客观赋权法,以使评价结论更为全面。此外,各机型对舱内空气环境参数的控制水平较为一致,但温度、压力、湿度仍然是需重点关注的参数,应重视相应系统的技术革新。

Cabin air environment of civil aircraft contains large numbers of parameters that are coupled with each other.It is a kind of environment that humans directly contact and sense,affecting human comfort and health.The comprehensive evaluation of air environment aims to clarify the key factors affecting human senses,compare the advantages and disadvantages among different design schemes,and provide guidance for system design optimization.Among various comprehensive evaluation methods,weight coefficient,which directly affects the results of comprehensive evaluation,is the most critical but difficult index to define.Weight analysis methods can be generally divided into subjective methods and objective methods,and their calculation principles are multifarious.Existing studies generally select only one method to determine weight,but it is impossible to judge whether the selected method is suitable for the comprehensive evaluation in their field,so it is dificult to tell the reference value of these weight results.Starting from the cabin air environment parameters series,two subjective methods and two objective methods which are com-monly used,are selected to analyze weight,and results comparison are completed based on the same surveyed flight data.Results show that subjective methods and objective methods of determining weight have different meanings:subjective methods reflect the level of people's attention on different parameters,while objective methods reflect the difference level in cabin air control of different aircraft types.It is suggested to use both two methods to get a more allsided evaluation conclusion.In addition,all aircraft types have relatively consistent level of cabin air control,but tem-perature,pressure and humidity are stll the parameters that people pay more attention to,so the technical innovation of relevant systems should be attached importance to.