稻秸增强酚醛泡沫保温材料的制备与性能

Study on the preparation and properties of rice straw reinforced phenolic foam insulation material

将水稻秸秆与酚醛树脂(PF)泡沫复合,改进PF泡沫本身脆性大、力学强度低的问题。探究稻秸长度(8 cm、12 cm和16 cm)、形态(横切秸秆段、斜切秸秆段、搓碾成丝)对复合材料物理性质、力学及燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,稻秸内外表面与PF泡沫基体产生明显机械啮合;稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料的弯曲强度、压缩强度与垂直于板面的抗拉强度均优于PF泡沫;16 cm斜切处理稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料弯曲强度达到1.18 MPa,较PF泡沫提高195.3%;16 cm搓碾处理稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料在应变为10%时的压缩应力和垂直于板面的抗拉强度分别为251.30 kPa与121.26 kPa,较PF分别提高了112.1%和20.7%。垂直燃烧与极限氧指数(LOI)测试结果表明,PF泡沫对稻秸表现出较好的包覆作用,复合材料整体热稳定性与PF泡沫几乎持平,LOI值几乎无变化,稻秸/PF泡沫复合材料和PF泡沫可燃性测试结果均达到B1级建筑材料要求,具有良好的阻燃性能。8 cm斜切处理稻秸增强PF泡沫复合材料综合力学性能最优。

By compounding rice straw with phenolic resin(PF)foam,to improve the shortcomings of PF foam itself,such as high brittleness and poor mechanical strength,and to investigate the effects of length(8 cm,12 cm and 16 cm)and form(cross-cutting straw,slope-cutting straw and grinding straw fiber)of rice straw on the physical properties,mechanical and combustion properties of the composite material.The results show that the inner and outer surfaces of rice straw have an obvious mechanical engagement with PF foam.The bending strength,compressive strength and tensile strength perpendicular to the board surface of rice straw/PF foam composites are better than PF foam.The bending strength of 16 cm long slope-cutting rice straw/PF foam composite reaches 1.18 MPa,which is 195%higher than PF foam.The compressive stress at 10%strain and tensile strength perpendicular to the plate surface of 16 cm long grinding rice straw/PF foam composite are 251.30 kPa and 121.26 kPa,respectively,which are 112.1%and 20.7%higher than PF foam.The vertical combustion and limited oxygen index(LOI)results show that PF foam has better wrapping effect on straw,the thermal stability of the composite is almost the same as that of PF foam,with almost no change in LOI value.The flammability test results of both rice straw/PF foam composites and PF foam meet the requirements of B1 class building materials,which show an excellent fire resistance.To sum up,8 cm slope-cutting rice straw reinforced PF foam composite has an optimal integrated mechanical property.