马克思创立唯物史观的发生学探究

Exploring Marx's Establishment of Historical Materialism from the Genetic Perspective

基于近年来新的考证和发现的文献,从发生学上重新考察马克思创立唯物史观的思想历程,有助于彰显马克思哲学的根本变革意义。青年黑格尔派是马克思早期思想发展的重要参照系,“复原”他们之间的三次思想论战过程,本身即是对唯物史观形成过程的呈现。其中,马克思在围绕“犹太人问题”同鲍威尔的持续论战中,初步建立起人的解放理论和以群众为历史主体的群众史观。此时,马克思所秉持的是现实人道主义的立场。他在与鲍威尔及其伙伴所代表的思辨唯心主义的论战中,实现了对唯物主义史的初步考察,并将现实的个体的人作为研究的出发点。随后,马克思又一次通过批判青年黑格尔派主要成员的新观点,正面阐释了社会和历史的前提及动力机制、个人与共同体的关系、历史向世界历史的转变、分工的后果与发展前景、共产主义的物质基础等,完成了唯物史观的创立。

Based on new research and literature discovered in recent years,re-examining the intellectual course of how Marx established historical materialism from the genetic perspective is conducive to highlighting the fundamental reformative significance of Marxist philosophy.The early Hegelian school serves as an important frame of reference for Marx to develop his early thought."Restoring"the three intellectual polemics between the two sides depicts the formation of historical materialism.In his continuous controversy with Powell on the"Jewish question,"Marx initially established the theory of human emancipation and the view of mass history in which the masses were the main actors in history.At the time,Marx took the stand of realistic humanism.In his polemics with the dialectical idealism represented by Powell and his associates,Marx preliminarily investigated the history of materialism and took the individual as the starting point of his research.Subsequently,he once again criticized the new views of the main supporters of early Hegelian thought and explicitly interpreted the dynamic mechanism of society and history,the relationship between the individual and the community,the transformation of history into world history,the consequences and prospects of the division of labor,and the materialist basis of communism.This move completed the creation of historical materialism.