“新闻-宣传-故事”三元模型:论文化子系统的形式界面

The"News-Propaganda-Story"Triadic Model:On the Formal Interface of Cultural Subsystems

新闻、宣传、故事是三个关系密切的文化子系统,但因此也容易产生形式困惑、影响文化工作的成效。本文从系统差异理论视角出发,建构了“新闻-宣传-故事”三元模型。该模型展示了新闻、宣传、故事是如何在实践主体、文本形式高度重合的情况下表现出特定系统功能差异,并以不同形式秩序维系各自文化子系统的稳定。新闻最重要的功能是“社会守望”,以建立在事实基础上的真实叙述作为维系系统的连接秩序;宣传最重要的功能是“形成共识”,以宣传立意和宣传方法的相互配合作为维系系统的连接秩序;故事最重要的功能是“情感连接”,以情节、角色、主题等组合成共情文本为维系系统的连接秩序。该模型认为新闻、宣传和故事既是不同的“三元”,又在实践中有深度交融。这种“和而不同”的特点体现在“新闻-宣传”、“新闻-故事”以及“宣传-故事”的具体关系上。本文通过三元模型,对新闻、宣传、故事子系统关系与运作机制进行了初步探讨,并运用模型的“界面”工具,回应和分析了新闻系统运作的实践问题,包括如何通过内外界面的作用在功能和形式秩序上体现新闻的“类型化”、维护新闻形式稳定,并在不破坏系统的前提下进行新闻创新等。本文认为,从系统差异的角度,未来应注重发展对新闻和相近文化系统的实际工作有阐释性和针对性的精确理论。

News,propaganda,and storytelling are three closely related cultural subsystems,but they often generate formal confusion in practice.This article constructs a"News-Propaganda-Story"(NPS)triadic model from the perspective of system differentiation theory.The NPS model demonstrates how news,propaganda,and storytelling exhibit specific system function and maintain their respective system stability in the context of highly overlapping practice subjects and text forms.Through the triadic model,this article provides a preliminary exploration of the relationships and operational mechanisms of the three subsystems and employs the""interface"tool from the NPS model to respond to and analyze practical issues such as formal confusion and innovation within the news system.This article suggests that,from the perspective of system differentiation,more precise theories with interpretive and guiding significance for practical work can be developed in the future.