海曙区老年人跌倒死亡特征分析

Mortality of falls among the elderly in Haishu District

目的了解浙江省宁波市海曙区老年人跌倒死亡特征,为完善老年人跌倒防制策略提供依据。方法通过宁波市数字疾控平台收集2017—2022年海曙区≥60岁老年人跌倒死亡监测资料,计算年度变化百分比(APC)分析跌倒死亡变化趋势;分析跌倒死亡人群、发生场所、受伤部位、跌倒类型及跌倒至死亡时间间隔分布特征。结果2017—2022年海曙区≥60岁老年人跌倒死亡1206例,男性414例,女性612例,男女比为0.67∶1;年龄为(85.20±8.42)岁。2017—2022年跌倒年均粗死亡率为101.10/10万,标化死亡率85.40/10万,均无明显变化趋势(APC=5.797%、5.337%,均P>0.05)。女性跌倒标化死亡率为102.60/10万,高于男性的69.55/10万(P<0.05)。老年人跌倒年均粗死亡率随年龄增长呈上升趋势,≥85岁组高达147.18/10万。跌倒场所主要在家庭,836例占81.48%。同一平面跌倒881例,占85.87%。受伤部位以下肢和头部为主,分别为388例和308例,占37.82%和30.02%。跌倒至死亡时间间隔主要为24 h~<6个月,757例占73.79%。结论2017—2022年海曙区≥60岁老年人跌倒死亡率随年龄增加而上升,女性跌倒死亡率高于男性,跌倒主要发生在家庭,以同一平面跌倒为主。应重点关注居家环境,针对不同性别和年龄阶段实施干预。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of mortality of falls among the elderly in Haishu District,Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province,so as to provide insights into the improvement of fall control strategy.Methods Data pertain-ing to surveillance of falls in Haishu District from 2017 to 2022 were collected from the Ningbo Municipal Digital Dis-ease Prevention and Control Platform.The trends in mortality of falls in Haishu District from 2017 to 2022 were evalu-ated using annual percent change(APC).The distribution of demographic characteristics,locations of falls,injury sites,interval from fall occurrence to death and type of falls specified by age were descriptively analyzed.Results A total of 1206 deaths occurred due to falls among the elderly at ages of 60 years and older in Haishu District from 2017 to 2022,including 414 men and 612 women,with a male to female ratio of 0.67∶1.The average age was(85.20±8.42)years.The average annual crude mortality and standardized mortality of were 101.10/105 and 85.40/105 from 2017 to 2022,respectively,with no obvious changing trends(APC=5.797%and 5.337%,all P>0.05).The standardized death rate of falls in females was higher than that of males(102.60/105 vs.69.55/105,P<0.05).The average annual mortality of falls appeared a tendency towards a rise with age among the elderly at ages of 60 years and older,with the highest mortality of 147.18/105 seen in the elderly at ages of 85 years and older.Falls predominantly occurred at home(836 cases,81.48%)and on the same level(881 cases,85.87%).The injury sites were mainly lower limbs(388 cases,37.82%)and head(308 cases,30.02%).In addition,the interval from fall occurrence to death mainly ranged from 24 hours to 6 months(757 cases,73.79%).Conclusions The mortality of falls appeared a tendency towards a rise with age among the elderly at ages of 60 years and older in Haishu District from 2017 to 2022,which was higher in wom-en than in men.The location of falls was predominantly at home and the type of falls predominantly at the same level.High attention to residential environments,and reinforcement of gender-and age-specific interventions are recommended.