历史、政治与社会:历史社会学解释政治变迁的三重向度

History,Politics,and Society:The Three Dimensions of Historical Sociology in Explaining Political Change

政治变迁研究是政治学研究的基础领域之一,但研究政治变迁却有着不同的切入角度与研究视角。历史社会学作为一门相对成熟的学科,能够给政治变迁研究提供三种解释向度,即政治变迁的历史性解释、政治性解释与社会性解释。历史性解释强调政治变迁的“整体—历时”性特征并为其建构因果联系,政治性解释围绕政治权力的变迁展开论述,社会性解释倾向于从结构性与文化性两种角度考察政治变迁,这三种解释向度虽非彼此隔离的角度,但在不同的案例研究中展现了不同的解释效力与风格。厘清三种向度间的关系,可以借由历史社会学的理论资源加深对政治变迁问题的认识。

The research of political change is one of the foundational aspects of political science,however,there are quite different angles and perspectives in this area.As a relatively mature subject,historical sociology could provide three explainable dimensions to political change research,namely historical explanation of political change,political explanation of political change,and social explanation of political change.Historical explanation emphasizes the"overall-diachronic"character of political change and constructs causal connections for it;political explanation revolves around the change of political power;social explanation tends to study political change from both structural and cultural perspectives.Although these three dimensions of explanation are not isolated from each other,but they have shown different effects and styles in different case studies,clarifying their relationships when using the resources of historical sociology can deepen the understanding of political change research.