从分配正义批判到生产正义建构——《资本论》财富思想的政治哲学意蕴

From Criticism of Distributive Justice to Construction of Productive Justice——The Political Philosophy Implications of The Wealth Thinking in Capital

《资本论》以总体性辩证法将资本主义社会财富揭示为一种劳动与资本相对立的社会关系。这一分析的根本目的不是构建一种古典政治经济学意义上的财富理论,而是探索解决财富的资本主义生产所带来的“个人受抽象统治”的时代问题。通过对资本主义社会财富本质的分析,马克思不仅揭露了基于权利逻辑的资本主义分配正义的虚假性和有限性,消解了现代政治哲学所缔造的分配正义神话,而且通过对资本主义社会财富的经济形式和政治内容之间矛盾的“再现”,揭示了社会财富的资本形态的内在限度及其必然崩溃的内在逻辑。《资本论》的财富思想蕴含一种以公有制为形式、以人的自主性活动为内容的共产主义生产正义。

ion"brought about by the capitalist production and development of wealth.Based on the totality of the mode of production,the wealth analysis in Das Kapital not only exposes the falsehood and limitation of capitalist distributive justice based on the logic of rights,but also dispels the myth of distributive justice created by modern political philosophy.Through the"reproduction"of the inherent contradictions in the facts of capitalist wealth,Marx reveals the development limits of the capital relationship of wealth and the implicit logic of inevitable collapse.Facing the reality of individuals and their material production activities,he also constructs a communist production justice that takes public ownership as the form and human autonomous activities as the content.