检察公益诉讼中检法对应关系之改造

On the Evolution of the Tie between the Procuratorial Authority and the Competent Court with Public Interest Litigation

检察机关提起公益诉讼时与管辖法院实行级别、地域的严格对应,不符合宪法法律的规定,实践中已产生诸多弊端.刑事诉讼中的地域管辖原则未适用于检察公益诉讼,检察机关所代表的社会公共利益具有强烈的私益性,加上检察机关在公益诉讼中法律监督职能的不确定性,以及公益诉讼起诉主体的多元性等因素,使得刑事诉讼中的检、法对应关系不能适用于检察公益诉讼.从立法原意看,检察机关提起公益诉讼的身份就是原告,因而无须与审理法院实行级别、地域的严格对应.考察检察机关在公益诉讼中的身份性质,应当避免将其与法院平等对应的宪法地位作不适当的牵连,避免将其原告身份与法律监督机关的性质地位以及行使法律监督职能对立起来,避免将其跨区域代表公共利益与行使管辖职能混同起来.这样,才可以从体制方面澄清检、法衔接关系中的认识误区.

The practice of a procuratorial authority ties strictly with a competent count in terms of levelling and territory when initiating a public interest litigation doesn't align with the provisions of the Constitution and laws.Many drawbacks were observed.The principle of territorial jurisdiction in criminal proceedings doesn't apply to procuratorate public interest litigation.The social public interests represented by the procuratorate have strong private interests,plus the ambiguity of procuratorate's legal supervision function in public interest litigations,and the diversity of the prosecution subjects in public interest litigation,the tie between the procuratorate and the court in criminal proceedings can't apply to procuratorate public interest litigation.Per the original legislative intention,the procuratorate is the plaintiff at initiating a public interest lawsuit,thus,it doesn't require a strict tie of levelling and territory to the trial court.When examining the procuratorate's nature and role in public interest litigations,we should avoid connecting it with procuratorate's equal constitutional status with the court.We should avoid counterpose its plaintiff identity to its nature and status as a legal supervision organ and its practice of legal supervision functions.We should avoid confusing its cross-regional representation of public interests with its exercise of jurisdictional functions.Only by doing this can we remove wrong understandings with the tie between the procuratorate and the court at a system level.