论检察公益诉讼受案范围的拓展

On Expanding the Scope of Accepting Cases of Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation

拓展受案范围是检察公益诉讼制度发展的基本趋势.这是由提升国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平、以检察工作现代化服务中国式现代化以及保护公共利益的现实需要所决定的,是以人民为中心的发展思想的重要体现.当前我国检察公益诉讼受案范围的拓展呈现出拓展主体多元、拓展形式不一、拓展边界不清等特征.在肯定拓展检察公益诉讼受案范围具有重要意义的同时,有必要对其进行合理限缩,限缩的方式应当从实体和程序两个层面进行.从实体层面而言,应当规范有权拓展主体、合理界定公益利益的范围、准确界分行政公益诉讼和行政违法行为监督的界限;从程序层面而言,检察公益诉讼的提起应当受补充性条件限制,人民法院则可以通过形式和实质审查限制检察公益诉讼案件的受理.通过实体与程序两个层面的合理限制,可以避免检察公益诉讼受案范围的不当拓展,从而充分发挥检察公益诉讼的制度功能.

Expanding the scope of accepting cases is the basic trend of the development of procuratorial public interest litigation system.This is determined by the practical needs of upgrading the country's governance capacity and modernization of its governance system,serving the Chinese path to modernization with the modernization of procuratorial work and protecting public interests,and is an important reflection of the idea of people-centered development.The expansion of the scope of accepting cases of procuratorial public interest litigation in our country at present presents the characteristics of multiple expanding subject,different expanding forms,unclear expanding boundary,etc.While affirming the importance of expanding the scope of accepting cases in public interest litigation,it is necessary to restrict it reasonably,which should be carried out from the two levels of entity and procedure.From the entity level,it should standardize the subject with right to expand,reasonably define the scope of public interest,accurately distinguish the boundaries of administrative public interest litigation and administrative illegal behavior supervision.From the perspective of procedure,prosecutorial public interest litigation should be subject to supplementary conditions,and the people's court can restrict the acceptance of prosecutorial public interest litigation through form and substance review.Reasonable restrictions at both the entity and procedural levels can avoid the disorderly expansion of the scope of procuratorial public interest litigation,so as to give full play to the institutional function of procuratorial public interest litigation.