金融安全的刑法保护边界

Boundaries of Criminal Law Protection of Financial Security

当前社会发展转型导致金融犯罪屡见不鲜,亟需优化刑法规制模式.对于金融犯罪的侵害法益,既不能泛化地扩张解释金融犯罪的社会化危害性或法益内涵导致金融管理秩序被破坏,又不能过度地限缩解释导致金融犯罪行为与金融管理秩序脱离,而是应该客观地评价行为的社会危害性,基于防范法律所不允许的不当金融风险的法益实质进行刑法解释模式.在区分金融创新与金融犯罪的界限时应该强调对金融创新的合理监管,并运用"穿透式"监管方式来准确把握各类新金融现象,实质判断金融创新活动是否构成犯罪.在金融犯罪的构成要件的认定过程中,需要结合法定犯语境来贯彻法秩序统一的基本解释方法,尽可能保持刑法中规范构成要件与金融法律中的规定一致.在判断行为人的违法性认识时,如果金融法律规定明确,则行为人不能以不知法作为免责事由,而只有在特定情形下才可能以违法性认识错误难以避免来出罪.

The current transformation of social development has led to the frequent occurrence of financial crimes,and there is an urgent need to optimize the mode of criminal law system.For the infringement of the legal interests of financial crimes,neither the socialized harm of financial crimes or the connotation of the legal interests should be interpreted in a generalized and expansive way leading to the destruction of the financial management order,nor the financial crimes should be interpreted in an excessively restrictive way leading to the detachment of the financial crimes from the financial management order,but rather,the social harms of the behaviors should be evaluated in an objective way,and the mode of interpretation of the criminal law should be adjusted appropriately.In distinguishing the boundaries between financial innovation and financial crime,emphasis should be placed on the reasonable regulation of financial innovation and the use of a"penetrating"regulatory approach to accurately grasp all types of new financial phenomena and to substantively determine whether financial innovation activities constitute crimes.In the process of determining the constituent elements of financial crimes,it is necessary to implement the basic interpretation method of unity of law and order in combination with the context of statutory offenses,to keep the normative constituent elements of criminal law consistent with the provisions of financial law as far as possible,and to adopt the way of restrictive interpretation in the case of conflict between the antecedent law and the criminal law.In judging the perpetrator's awareness of illegality,if the financial laws are clear,the perpetrator cannot take ignorance of the law as an exculpatory cause,but only in specific circumstances may be out of the crime by the illegality of the awareness of the error is difficult to avoid.