微罪体系的构建:从依附向独立

The Theoretical Construction of Micro Crimes:From Attachment to Independence

微罪立法持续增量,微罪体系日渐扩大,不宜再"嵌居"于轻罪体系内.微罪应从依附走向自立自主,以促成犯罪治理的多元、立体.科学划分微罪和轻罪是关键.在形式上,法定刑的区分标准有其合理性;但有必要扩大轻罪范围,为微罪体系预留足够空间;经此,微罪体系也在实然上摆脱依附性.在实质上,积极构建轻罪体系的正当化根据是有益的参照指标;但微罪体系遵循特定的生成逻辑与功能设定,以获得合法性,并夯实在应然上的独立地位与性质.独立的微罪体系决定立法必然具有专属性,应聚焦重述社会危害性以锁定立法方向、犯罪性质与罪过类型的妥善取舍、立法技术的精准调试等,并具体地加以体认.

Microcrime legislation continues to grow,and the system of microcrimes is expanding.Therefore,it is no longer appropriate to"nest"it within the system of misdemeanors.Microcrimes should move from dependency to self-reliance and autonomy,in order to facilitate the diversification and three-dimensionality of crime governance system.Scientific delineation between the microcrimes and misdemeanors is the key point.Formally,the criteria of statutory penalties for distinguishing are reasonable;however,it is necessary to expand the scope of misdemeanors to reserve sufficient space for the microcrime system;through this,the microcrime system will also be free of dependency in practice.Substantively,the justification for the active construction of the misdemeanour system is a useful reference indicator;however,the microcrime system follows a specific generative logic and functional setting in order to gain legitimacy and to consolidate its independent status and nature in the real state.The independent microcrime system determines that the legislation must be exclusive.It should focus on the restatement of social harm in order to lock the direction of the legislation,the option of the nature of the crime and the type of crime,the precise adjustment of the legislative technology,etc.Finally,it is necessary to specifically recognize.