通过程序的犯罪控制

Crime Control Through Criminal Procedure

程序是犯罪纠纷多元治理体系中的重要一环.程序不仅是实现刑罚目的的工具,其本身也具有犯罪控制的功能.社会环境的结构变迁决定了程序现代化过程中犯罪控制功能的衍化.在权力运行的微观层面,程序的犯罪控制功能体现为对程序亲历者与社会公众的规训作用与"惩罚"效应,程序既是手段也成为目的本身;在制度层面,程序性"出罪"体系通过程序适用目的性影响实体结果,缓解过度犯罪化与刑罚化的问题,提升犯罪控制的合理性;在理论层面,程序的刑事政策化表明刑事诉讼规范具备不断回应社会需求的演进能力,也揭示了程序的犯罪控制功能不断强化的根本原因.程序的犯罪控制理论是在刑事诉讼程序现代化过程中对传统刑事诉讼理论的反思与发展,但应存在一定限度:一是程序的犯罪控制功能发挥应当始终遵循法治原则,不能超越刑事诉讼的规范教义;二是功能主义进路的犯罪控制不能以牺牲基本的诉讼权利保障为代价.如此,方能充分发挥诉讼程序的刑事政策机能,有效完善程序法与实体法融贯的一体化犯罪控制模式.

Criminal procedure is an important tool of the multiple control system of crimes.Procedure is not only a tool to achieve the purpose of punishment,but also has the function of crime control.The structural change of social environment determines the evolution of crime control function of criminal procedure.The crime control function of the procedure is embodied in the discipline and punishment of the accused and the public.The procedural system of not guilty affects the substantive results through procedural application,which could alleviate the problem of excessive criminalization and punishment and improve the rationality of crime control.The development trend of criminal policy shows that the criminal procedure norms have the evolving ability to respond to social needs continuously and reveals the fundamental reason for the continuous strengthening of the crime control function of the procedure.The crime control theory of procedure is the reflection and development of the traditional criminal procedure theory in the process of the modernization of criminal procedure.Meanwhile,the theory should have some limitations.First,the crime control function of procedure should always follow the principle of the rule of law and cannot exceed the doctrines of criminal procedure.Second,the function of the crime control cannot be at the expense of the protection of basic litigation rights.Only in this way can we give full play to the criminal policy function of the proceedings,improve the crime control mode of integrating procedural law and substantive law effectively.