北京市中学生健康危险行为潜在类别分析

Latent class analysis of health risk behaviors among middle school students in Beijing City

目的 探究北京市中学生健康危险行为的潜在类别及其影响因素,为确定重点干预对象及制定相关干预措施提供科学依据。方法 于2022年10—12月对北京市16个区初中、普通高中、职业高中的17 730名在校学生开展匿名自填问卷调查,对不良饮食、缺乏锻炼、非故意伤害、故意伤害、物质滥用和网络成瘾行为共6类健康危险行为进行潜在类别分析。结果 北京市中学生健康危险行为潜在类别分为3类:高危险行为组,有961名,占5.42%;低缺乏锻炼/高故意伤害组,有1 099名,占6.20%;低危险行为组,有15 670名,占88.38%。无序多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,相较于低危险行为组,男生(OR=1.45)、职高(OR=2.00)、其他家庭(OR=1.90)、可能有抑郁情感(OR=2.27)、有抑郁情感(OR=6.18)、近1年因病休学(OR=1.79)的中学生更易进入高危险行为组;男生(OR=2.30)、大家庭(OR=1.18)、重组家庭(OR=1.70)、其他家庭(OR=1.94)、可能有抑郁情感(OR=3.10)、有抑郁情感(OR=4.91)、近2周因病请假(OR=1.54)、近1年因病休学(OR=1.71)的中学生更易进入低缺乏锻炼/高故意伤害组(P值均<0.05)。结论 北京市中学生健康危险行为存在明显潜在类别,聚集出现且比例不同。相关部门应及时采取针对性的干预措施减少中学生健康危险行为的发生。

Objective The study was aimed at exploring the latent classes and factors influencing middle school students health risk behaviors in Beijing,so as to provide a scientific basis for determining key intervention targets and formulating relevant intervention measures.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 17730 junior middle school,senior high school and vocational high school students in 16 districts of Beijing from October to December 2022.Six types of health risk behaviors were assessed with latent class analysis,including unhealthy diet,lack of exercise,unintentional harm,intentional harm,substance abuse and Internet addiction behavior.Results The latent classes of health risk behavior among middle school students in Beijing were divided into three classes:high risk behavior(961 participants,5.42%),low lack of exercise/high intentional injury(1099 participants,6.20%),and low risk behavior(15670 participants,88.38%).Disordered multiple Logistic regression analysis indicated that middle school students who were male(OR=1.45),in high school(OR=2.00),had other family types(OR=1.90),possibly had depressed feelings(OR=2.27),had depressed feelings(OR=6.18),or were absent from school because of illness in the past year(OR=1.79)were more likely to be in the high-risk than the low-risk behavior group.Moreover,middle school students who were male(OR=2.30),had an extended family(OR=1.18),had a reorganized family(OR=1.70),had other family types(OR=1.94),possibly had depressed feelings(OR=3.10),had depressed feelings(OR=4.91),had taken sick leave in the prior 2 weeks(OR=1.54),or had absence from school because of illness in the past year(OR=1.71)were relatively more likely to be in the low lack of exercise or high intentional injury group(P<0.05).Conclusion Clear latent classes of health risk behaviors among middle school students are found to be present in differing proportions in Beijing.Relevant departments should take targeted intervention measures in a timely manner to reduce the occurrence of health risk behaviors among middle school students.