太原市中学生自杀意念与社会生态学风险因素暴露水平的相关性

Association between suicidal ideation and exposure to social-ecological risk factors among middle school students in Taiyuan City

目的了解太原市中学生自杀意念现状及其与社会生态学风险因素暴露水平的相关性,为探讨中学生自杀意念发生原因及采取有效预防措施提供参考依据。方法2021年10—11月,采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样法选取太原市5所中学共2639名初、高中学生进行一般人口学特征、社会生态学风险水平和自杀意念问卷调查。采用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行χ^(2)检验和二元Logistic回归分析。结果中学生总体自杀意念检出率为24.7%,不同性别、年级、家庭居住地、母亲文化程度、感知家庭经济条件、关系密切的朋友数量、自我感觉学习负担的中学生自杀意念检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为38.17,13.44,10.77,8.15,19.76,18.95,59.75,P值均<0.05);调整一般人口学特征等因素后,二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,社会生态学中个人维度中风险、个人维度高风险、家庭维度中风险、家庭维度高风险、学校维度高风险、文化维度中风险、文化维度高风险与中学生自杀意念的检出率均呈正相关(OR值分别为1.38,2.28,1.97,3.28,1.71,1.48,2.15,P值均<0.05)。结论中学生自杀意念的产生与社会生态学微系统中个人、家庭和学校的影响有关,同时也与宏系统中文化环境有关。应在开展个人、家庭和学校层面自杀意念干预的同时加强社会文化建设,减少不良因素对青少年心理健康的影响。

Objective To understand the current situation of suicidal ideation among middle school students in Taiyuan City and its correlation with exposure to social-ecological risk factors,so as to provide a reference basis for exploring the causes of suicidal ideation among middle and high school students and formulating effective preventive measures.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2639 middle school students in urban and rural areas of Taiyuan City by multistage stratified random cluster sampling,including general demography characteristics,social ecological risk factors and suicidal ideation.SPSS 26.0 software was used for Chi-squared test and binary Logistic regression analysis.Results The overall detection rate of suicidal ideation was 24.7%.There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of suicidal ideation among middle school students in different gender,grade,family residence,maternal education level,perceived family economic conditions,number of close friends,self-perceived academic burden(χ^(2)=38.17,13.44,10.77,8.15,19.76,18.95,59.75,P<0.05).After adjusting the general demography characteristics,the binary Logistic regression showed that moderate and high risk in the individual,family and cultural dimension,and high risk in the school dimension of the social ecology were all positively correlated with suicidal ideation among middle school students(OR=1.38,2.28,1.97,3.28,1.48,2.15,1.71,P<0.05).Conclusion The suicidal ideation among middle school students is related to individuals,families,and schools in the social ecological microsystem,as well as the cultural environment in the macro system.It is necessary to conduct intervention in suicidal ideation at the individual,family,and school levels,meanwhile,strengthening social and cultural construction to reduce the impact of adverse factors on the mental health among adolescents.