长期服役大型游乐设施安全状态评价方法研究

Research on the safety state evaluation method of large-scale amusement rides in long-term service

长期服役的大型游乐设施,尤其是达到或超过设计使用期限仍继续使用的大型游乐设施,由于其长期服役造成的部件性能劣化,极易导致设备发生故障或事故。提出基于健康管理理论的大型游乐设施服役状态评价方法,将主要受力部件剩余寿命评估理论引入服役状态评价模型,并考虑历史数据对当前安全状态的影响,使安全状态评价更加全面合理。服役状态评价方法以使用阶段风险评价为基础,综合利用各种先进检测监测手段和经验,获取设备当前工作状态的各项指标数据。在此基础上,利用健康管理理论和剩余寿命评估理论,对设备整机进行定量化安全评价,并得出设备关键部件和整机的安全等级,从而为使用单位的设备维护保养提供指导,全面提升设备的使用安全性能。基于健康管理理论的大型游乐设施服役状态评价方法在某电磁弹射过山车中开展工程应用,并得出设备的安全等级,有效指导了设备的使用维保,表明了服役状态评价方法的有效性和实用性。

In this paper,the service state evaluation method of large-scale amusement rides based on the health management theory is proposed.The residual life assessment theory of main stress parts is introduced into the service state evaluation model for the first time,and the influence of historical data on the current safety state is considered,making the safety status evaluation more comprehensive and reasonable.The service state evaluation method first establishes the evaluation index system based on the risk evaluation method in the use stage.The evaluation index is mainly determined from three aspects:the first are the main hazard sources in the design stage;the second are the accidents,failures,and typical defects of the same rides in the failure case database;and the third arethe faults and defects found by the user of the ride in the years of use and maintenance.The establishment of the evaluation index system also needs to determine the influence weight of the evaluation index on ride safety,the update cycle,and the acquisition method of the index data.Next,various index data of the current working status of the ride is obtained by utilizing various advanced detection and monitoring methods and experiences.Finally,according to the normalization of qualitative and quantitative index data,combined with the fatigue life model of the main stressed parts and the ride health evaluation model,the quantitative safety evaluation of the key parts and the whole ride is researched,and the safety level of the key parts and the whole ride is obtained.Then,the maintenance suggestions for the continued use of the ride are put forward to comprehensively improve the safety performance.The method has been applied in a Linear Synchronous Motor(LSM)roller coaster,and the safety level of the ride has been obtained,which effectively guides the use and maintenance of the ride,and verifies the effectiveness and practicability of the service state evaluation method.