考虑速度变化的飞机尾流间隔动态缩减研究

Research on dynamic reductionof aircraft wake e separation considering speed changes

针对现有的静态尾流间隔缩减研究没有考虑进近阶段前后机速度变化这一缺点,提出一种进近阶段动态尾流间隔缩减研究方法。首先,对前后机进近阶段广播式自动相关监视(Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast,ADS-B)数据进行分析,提取数据中的速度参数,并按速度变化趋势进行精细化分段。然后,基于前机尾流模型以及后机响应模型对不同分段的后机在ICAO(International Civil Aviation Organization)规定间隔下遭遇尾流时的升力变化、滚转力矩以及滚转力矩系数,并与安全指标进行对比,以验证安全性。最后,根据临界安全指标计算得到不同时刻前后机的最小尾流间隔。结果表明:按动态间隔缩减计算方法计算的最小间隔比ICAO的间隔标准缩减了44.5%,比静态缩减后的最小间隔缩减了11.3%;在后机开始减速时刻,动态方法计算的最小间隔比静态方法计算的结果更大,静态间隔缩减方法存在间隔过度缩减的问题。

To address the shortcoming that the existing static wake separation reduction studies do not take the speed changes of the front and follow aircraft during the approach phase into consideration,this paper proposed a dynamic wake separation reduction research method in the approach phase.First,ADS-B dates of the front and following aircraft in the approach phase were analyzed,and the speed parameters from the data were extracted.Fine segmentation was made by the trend of speed change;Then,the aerodynamic models of the fuselage,wings,engines,and flat tail were developed based on the unique aerodynamic shape of the ARJ21,and the lift variation,roll moment,and roll moment coefficient of the following aircraft in different speed segments at the ICAO specified separation were calculated by combining the wake generation model of the front aircraft and response model of the following aircraft and compared with the safety index to verify the safety.Finally,the minimum wake separations of the front and following aircraft at different moments were calculated by using the limit roll moment coefficient specified by RECAT-EU as the critical safety index.The research results show that the wake separation of the ARJ21 following the A320 can be reduced by 2.21-2.67 km,compared to the ICAO standard,and the wake separation of the ARJ21 following the A320 can be reduced further by 6-426 m at most times compared to the minimum separation which can be calculated based on static critical front and follow aircraft speeds.The minimum separation,calculated by the dynamic separation reduction method for the whole segment,is reduced by 44.5%compared with the ICA0 separation standard and 11.3%compared with the static reduced minimum separation.However,the minimum separation calculated by the dynamic method is 34m larger than that calculated by the static method at the time when the following aircraft starts to decelerate,also the static separation reduction method has the problem of over-reduction.